Nuclear Chemistry

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28 Terms

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anti matter

particles that have properties opposite to that of normal matter

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Big Bang Theory

the theory which states that the universe began as a single point that expanded and is still expanding

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nuclear reaction

a reaction that involves the nucleus of atoms

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plasma

superheated matter consisting of ionized gas

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redshift

a change in the lights wavelength towards the red end of the visible spectrum

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singularity

a small dense region of space containing matter

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alpha particle

a particle made of two protons and two neutrons

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atomic number

the number of protons in an atom

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beta particle

a high energy high speed electron

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gamma radiation

high energy electromagnetic waves

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half life

the time for half of the sample of radioactive isotopes to decay

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ionise

to remove electrons from an atom. or molecule

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isotopes

atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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penetrating power

how well radiation from a radioactive material can pass through matter

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radioactive tracer

a radioisotope used to track or trace the path of a substance

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radioisotope

an isotope that emits radiation

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radiopharmaceutical

a drug with a radioisotope attached

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radiotherapy

a therapy that uses radiation to kill cancerous cells

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chain reaction

a series of reactions in which the product of one reaction is the reactant of the next reaction

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control rod

a rod inside a nuclear reactor that absorbs neutrons to control the chain reaction

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fission

the splitting of a heavy atom into two lighter ones

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fusion

the joining of two lighter atoms two form a heavier one

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dosimeter

a device used to measure an absorbed dose of ionizing radiation

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ionizing radiation

radiation made up of particles x ray or gamma ray that has enough energy to cause cancer

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by product

unwanted or waste product of a process

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smog

a form of pollution

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sustainable

able to be maintained at certain rate or level

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temperature inversion

when a layer of hot air in the atmosphere stops circulation of air away form the earths surface