RESEARCH

research problem

for researchers, problems could be conditions they want to improve, difficulties they want to eliminate, questions for which they want answers, information gaps they wish to fill, or theories they wish to validate

research questions

their important reason for any research are the problem and questions that a researcher attempts to answer. without the problems or questions, the investigation cannot proceed.

research questions

the problem clears the purpose for doing the research paper

declarative form

the main problem is stated in __________

interrogative form

sub- problems are written in __________

research questions in experimental research

also known as investigative questions

-Set of SMART questions which are to be answered in the study.

-It shows the main problem and the sub-problems to be solved in the research process.

main problem

shows the objective of the research paper

sub-problems

 show the measurable variables related in answering the main problem

Specific

each research question should be written in a precise way that anyone reading it will most likely interpret it the same way. It must be clear and has only one meaning (unequivocal).

Measurable

Each research question should include measurable variables and should be answerable in quantifiable terms.  The use of instruments and tools in collecting data are also considered.

Attainable

Each research question should be achievable and realistic to answer. Consider the financial aspect, the time frame and the capability of the researcher/s to answer the question. 

Relevant

Each research question should be relevant to the objective of the study and significant to the present time and situation.

Time bound

Each research question should be completed and answered within reasonable time.

Hypothesis

is defined as the educated guess that is formulated to explain the observed facts covered by a study. It is a testable declarative statement of a potential relationship between two or more variables.

Null Hypothesis

It is a denial of an existence of an attribute or the absence of a relationship between the variables in the study.

null hypothesis

H0

alternative hypothesis

H1

alternative hypothesis

It is an affirmative declarative statement of the educated guess in a research study. It shows that there is a significant difference in relationship between the variables in the study.

hypothesis statement

It is where the researchers make a prediction about what they think will happen or is happening in their research. It is an inferential thinking that makes the researchers assume something based on logically drawn conclusions.

research locale

shows the place or setting of the study. It is the place where the research experiment is conducted

materials and equipment

It is the part that displays the detailed research materials and equipment to be used in the research

materials

substances and elements of which the output is made or composed of

equipment

apparatus needed in making the research output (machinery, tools)

research procedure

is the part that explains the step-by-step process on how to do and accomplish the research output.

-safety precautions should always be included in the first part of the process.

schematic diagram

also known as flow chart

It is shows the representation of the proposed product

experimental research design

Tanner (2018) defined the ___________ as being applied when the researcher is inquiring as to what the cause-and-effect relationships between the dependent and independent variables