unit 2 pre vet

Root words are… (definition)

The Foundation of medical terms

Gives a word meaning

May contain one or more tools

Common root words:

• cardi/o - heart

• cephalo/o - head

• dent/o - teeth

• ophthalm/o - eye

• steth/o - chest

• nas/o - nose

• ot/o - ear

• derm/o, dermato/o - skin

Prefixes… (definition)

• Come before the root word

• Modify the meaning of the root word

• Often qualify the following:

• number

• measurement

• position or direction

• negatives

• color

Prefix number qualifiers include:

• uni (one)

• bi (two)

• tri (three)

• quadra (four)

• quinta (five)

• sexta (six)

• octo (eight)

• nona (nine)

• deca (ten)

Prefix measurement qualifiers include:

• hyper (excessive)

• hypo (less than normal)

• for example:

• hypothermia

Prefix position or direction qualifiers include:

• sub (under)

• peri (around)

• supra (above)

• for example:

• supracostal

Prefix negative qualifiers include:

• an (without)

• anti (against)

• for example:

• antioxidant

Prefix color qualifiers include:

• cyan/o (blue)

• jaund/o (yellow)

• erythr/o (red)

• for example:

• erythrocyte (cyte=cell)

Prefix opposites

common opposite prefixes include:

• pre (before)

• post (after)

• hypo (low, below normal)

• hyper (high, above normal)

Suffixes are… (definition)

words that Come after the root word or words

• Modify the meaning of the root word

• Can be grouped together by meaning, which include:

• pertaining to

• surgical

• procedural

• double R

• conditional and structural

Common "Pertaining to" Suffixes

• ic

• al

• ine

• ary

• an

• ar

• OuS

• tic

• eal

• acfor example:

• cardiac

Common Surgical Suffixes

• ectomy - removal of

• tomy - cutting, incision

• plasty - surgical repair

• centesis - surgical puncture to remove fluid or gas

• pexy - suture to stabilize

• scope - instrument or exam

• for example:

• endoscope

Common Procedural Suffixes

• Include:

• gram - record of

• graphy - procedure which records

• scopy - procedure to visually examine

• logy - study of

• therapy - treatment

• for example:

• hydrotherapy

Common Double R Suffixes

• Include:

• rrhagia or rhage - bursting forth

• for example:

• hemorrhage - bursting forth of blood from the vessels

• rhaphy - to suture

• for example:

• enterorrhaphy - suturing of the intestine

• rrhexis - rupture

• for example:

• myorrhexis - rupture of the muscle

Common Conditional & Structural

Suffixes

• Include:

• rhexis - rupture

• itis — inflammation

• osis - abnormal condition

• pathy - disease

• algia or dynia - pain

• for example:

• myalgia

Common Conditional & Structural

Suffixes

• Include:

• um - structure

• al (as in renal) - pertaining to kidney

• ic (as in enteric) - pertaining to the intestines

• an (as in ovary) - pertaining to the ovary

• ac (as in cardiac) - pertaining to the heart

• for example:

• cardiac

Compound words

• Have two or more roots

• roots may or may not be joined by a combining vowel

• for example:

• backache ( back-ache)

• smallpox (small-pox)

Combining Forms

• Is an incomplete word containing a root word, prefix or suffix with a combining vowel

• Help connect the parts of the word together

• for example:

• electrocardiogram

Greek & Latin Prefix/Suffix

Examples

Directional Terminology

• distal - away from the body

• proximal - near the center of the body

• caudal - near the tail

• cranial - relating to the skull

• ventral - relating to the underside of the animal

• rostral - situated near the nose and mouth

• plantar - relating to the sole of the foot

Directional Terminology

Positional Terminology

• recumbent - lying down

• dorsal recumbency - lying on the back

• ventral or sternal recumbency - lying on the belly

• left lateral recumbency - lying on the left side

• right lateral recumbency - lying on the right side

Anatomical Planes Terminology

• Is also important when describing locations of wounds or producing radiographs

• Divides the animal into four planes

• Include the following:

• median plane

• sagittal planes

• dorsal plane

• transverse plane

Median Plane

• Divides the body into equal right and left halves

Sagittal Planes

Are any planes to the right or left, which lie parallel to the median plane

Positional Terminology

• recumbent - lying down

• dorsal recumbency - lying on the back

• ventral or sternal recumbency - lying on the belly

• left lateral recumbency - lying on the left side

• right lateral recumbency - lying on the right side

Anatomical Planes Terminology

• Is also important when describing locations of wounds or producing radiographs

• Divides the animal into four planes

• Include the following:

• median plane

• sagittal planes

• dorsal plane

• transverse plane

Dorsal Plane

Divides the animal into dorsal and ventral

Transverse Plane

Divides the trunk of the animal or the extremities

Muscle & Joint Actions Terminology

• Is used to describe the movements of both muscles and joints

• Includes:

• extension

• flexion

• abduction

• adduction

• supination

• pronation

Extension & Flexion

• extension is when the joint angle increases

• flexion is when the joint angle decreases

Abduction & Adduction

• abduction is when the joint moves away from the body

• adduction is when the joint moves towards the body

Supination & Pronation

• supination is when the palm faces upward

• pronation is when the palms face downward

Veterinary & Human Terms

• Are common in most directional terms and have the same meaning, however there are a few differences in directions and planes due to anatomy

Cat terms

• Include:

• tom - intact male

• neutered - castrated male

• queen - intact female

• spayed - sterilized female

• kitten - young cat

• queening - giving birth

• litter - a group of offspring born at the same time

Dog Terms

• Include:

• dog/stud - an intact male dog

• neutered - castrated male dog

• bitch - an intact female

• spayed - sterilized female

• whelp or puppy - a young dog

• whelping - giving birth

• pack - a group of dogs

• litter - a group of offspring born at the same time

Horse terms

• stallion - an intact male more than four years old

• colt - an intact male than four years old

• mare - an intact female more than four years old

• filly - an intact female less than four years old

• gelding - a castrated male

• foal - a young horse

• foaling - giving birth

Swine Terms

• boar - an intact male

• sow - an intact female

• barrow - a male who is castrated when young

• gilt - a young female which has not given birth

• pig or shoat - a young pig

• farrowing - giving birth

• herd - a group of pigs

Cattle terms

• bull - an intact male

• cow - an intact female

• steer - a male bovine castrated when young

• heifer - a young female bovine which has not given birth

• calf - a young bovine

• herd - a group of cattle

• calving or freshening - giving birth

Sheep Terms

• ram - an intact male

• ewe - an intact female

• wether - a castrated male

• lamb - a young sheep

• flock - a group of sheep

• freshening or lambing - giving birth

Goat terms

• buck - an intact male

• doe - an intact female

• wether - a castrated male

• kid - a young goat

• herd - a group of goats

• freshening or kidding - giving birth

Physical examination terms

Physical examination terms

Physical examination terms

Animal handling

Animal handling

Injection terms

Injection terms

Blood Sampling

• used in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease and infection in animals

• Obtains an initial overview of the animal's health, functionality of an organ or tests for a certain disease

Blood sampling terms

Blood sampling terms

Laboratory procedures

Laboratory procedure terms

Hospital procedures

Hospital procedure terms

Hospital procedure terms

Surgical Procedures

• complex operations performed by veterinarians and are used to benefit an animal's health

• Most commonly performed within the veterinary clinic include:

• spaying

• ((surgically removing a female's ovaries and uterus))

• neutering

• ((surgically removing a male's testicles))

Surgical Procedures Terms

Pharmacology

• the study of medicine which focuses on the uses, effects and modes of actions in drugs

Pharmacology Terms

Pharmacology terms

Common Veterinary Abbreviations

Common Veterinary Abbreviations

Common Veterinary Abbreviations

Common Veterinary Abbreviations

Common Veterinary Abbreviations

Common Veterinary Abbreviations

Common Veterinary Abbreviations

Common Veterinary Abbreviations

Common Veterinary Abbreviations