1.1.4 bones

long bone description

consists of a shaft & two ends & is longer than it is wide . thick outside layer w marrow filled cavity, ends are filled with spongy bone

flat bone description

consists of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone . marrow but no marrow cavity

short bone description

roughly cube shaped with vertical & horizontal dimensions being approximately equal . consists of mostly spongy bone . outside surface is thin layer of compact bone

irregular bone description

consists of thin layers of spongy bone surrounded by compact bone & do not fit any previous bone descriptions

compact bone

a solid and hard bone that makes up the outer layer of all bones and shafts of long bones

spongy bone

a porous bone containing red bone marrow

flat bone example

left parietal bone

long bone example

humerus

short bone example

carpals

irregular bone examples

thoracic vertebrae

epiphysis

the tip of the long bone, primary source of red marrow in long bones, responsible for articulation

epiphysis

the tip of the long bone, primary source of red marrow in long bones, responsible for articulation

metaphysis

region between diaphysis and epiphysis, transfers mechanical loads from epiphysis to diaphysis

diaphysis

known as the shaft, contains the bone medulla, which houses yellow marrow

periosteum

dense layer of vascular connective tissue that surrounds the outer layer of most bones

medullary cavity

hollow central space inside the shaft of long bones, stores bone marrow & blood vessels

red bone marrow

produces blood cells ( white, red, and platelets )

yellow bone marrow

stores fat for energy production, also houses mesenchymal stem cells that can develop into cartilage, fat, bone, or muscle cells