B1. Cell Structure and Transport

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ventilated

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movement of air or water into and out of the gas exchange organ

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32 Terms

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ventilated

movement of air or water into and out of the gas exchange organ

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active transport

movement of substances against a concentration gradient

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algae

simple aquatic organisms that make their own food by photosynthesis

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alveoli

tiny air sacs in the lungs that increase surface area for gaseous exchange

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bacteria

single-celled prokaryotic organisms

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cell membrane

membrane that controls what moves in and out of a cell

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cell wall

rigid structure around plant and algal cells

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cellulose

complex carbohydrate that makes up plant and algal cell walls

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chlorophyll

green pigment contained in chloroplasts

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chloroplasts

organelles in which photosynthesis takes place

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cytoplasm

water-based gel in which organelles of all living cells are suspended

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diffusion

spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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eukaryotic cells

cells from eukaryotes with a cell membrane

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hypertonic (osmosis)

solution more concentrated than the cell contents

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hypotonic (osmosis)

solution less concentrated than the cell contents

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isotonic (osmosis)

solution same concentration as the cell contents

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mitochondria

site of aerobic cellular respiration in a cell

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nucleus

organelle containing genetic information surrounded by the nuclear membrane

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osmosis

diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution

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partially permeable membrane

membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through

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permanent vacuole

space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap

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phloem

living transport tissue in plants that carries dissolved food around the plant

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plasmolysis

state of plant cells when water is lost

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prokaryotic cells

cells from prokaryotic organisms with a cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane and a cell wall

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resolving power

measure of the ability to distinguish between two separate points

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ribosomes

site of protein synthesis in a cell

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sperm

male sex cells or gametes that carry genetic material

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stomata

openings in the leaves of plants that allow gases to enter and leave

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turgor

pressure inside a plant cell exerted by the cell contents pressing on the cell wall

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ventilated

movement of air or water into and out of the gas exchange organ

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xylem

non-living transport tissue in plants that transports water from roots to leaves and shoots