ventilated
movement of air or water into and out of the gas exchange organ
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Key terms for AQA combined science
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ventilated
movement of air or water into and out of the gas exchange organ
active transport
movement of substances against a concentration gradient
algae
simple aquatic organisms that make their own food by photosynthesis
alveoli
tiny air sacs in the lungs that increase surface area for gaseous exchange
bacteria
single-celled prokaryotic organisms
cell membrane
membrane that controls what moves in and out of a cell
cell wall
rigid structure around plant and algal cells
cellulose
complex carbohydrate that makes up plant and algal cell walls
chlorophyll
green pigment contained in chloroplasts
chloroplasts
organelles in which photosynthesis takes place
cytoplasm
water-based gel in which organelles of all living cells are suspended
diffusion
spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
eukaryotic cells
cells from eukaryotes with a cell membrane
hypertonic (osmosis)
solution more concentrated than the cell contents
hypotonic (osmosis)
solution less concentrated than the cell contents
isotonic (osmosis)
solution same concentration as the cell contents
mitochondria
site of aerobic cellular respiration in a cell
nucleus
organelle containing genetic information surrounded by the nuclear membrane
osmosis
diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution
partially permeable membrane
membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through
permanent vacuole
space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap
phloem
living transport tissue in plants that carries dissolved food around the plant
plasmolysis
state of plant cells when water is lost
prokaryotic cells
cells from prokaryotic organisms with a cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane and a cell wall
resolving power
measure of the ability to distinguish between two separate points
ribosomes
site of protein synthesis in a cell
sperm
male sex cells or gametes that carry genetic material
stomata
openings in the leaves of plants that allow gases to enter and leave
turgor
pressure inside a plant cell exerted by the cell contents pressing on the cell wall
ventilated
movement of air or water into and out of the gas exchange organ
xylem
non-living transport tissue in plants that transports water from roots to leaves and shoots