History ww1-

Question 1 [4 marks] source A supports/ is critical of…. How do you know?

Source A is supports/ is critical of… because from (detail in source), we can infer that….

For example, (context from own knowledge). This shows support/ criticism because….

Furthermore, the source was created by/ in/ to/….( provenance).

This shows support/ criticism because…

Question 2 [12 marks] how useful are sources B and C for a historian studying….

Source B/C is useful for (question), because from (details in source, we can infer…

For example (context using own knowledge)

This source accurately describes/ over-exaggerates/ underestimates…

Despite this/ moreover, this source provides a useful perspective because it was created by/in/to…(provenance).

Because of this….(explain).

Question 3 [8 marks] Write an account of….

At first, ….

This lead to…..

Consequently,…

As a result…

This led to…

Consequently,…(refer back to question e.g crisis)

Question 4 [16 marks] ‘XYZ statement’ How far do you agree?

X Factor: from statement

Point… I agree that ….(make argument, using cause words e.g significant, main)

Example, (Detailed, developed evidence)

This means that…(link to question + SWIRL)

Y Factor: alternative statement

Point… I agree that ….(make argument, using cause words e.g )

Example, (Detailed, developed evidence)

This means that…(link to question + SWIRL)

Overall….(judgement linking factors. Compare significance and compare the factors, which one do you agree with the most)

CAUSES OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR:

European powers,

. Britain

. France

. Russia.

. Germany

. Austria-Hungary

Alliances, :

.Triple alliance,

.Triple entente

The Moroccan crises:

.1905 +

.1911, their impact on international relations,

Problems in the Balkan regions:

.Balkan crises, 1908, and

.Balkan wars: 1912, 1913,

Anglo German rivalry,

.impacts on splendid isolation

.Kaiser Wilhems aims

. Naval arms race

Pan-slavery: impacts on relations between Serbia and Austria-Hungary,

July Crisis: countdown to war

.assassination of Franz Ferdinand

.blank cheque

.the ultimatum

European powers:

Britain: which countries were Queen Victorias family connected to? So what?

Russia, Denmark , Greece

This meant that The British empire had connections with many countries that could support them in times of conflict, it had a strong backing. Alliances.

Britain: How many people lived in the British Empire?

• Aprox. 400 million people lived in the British Empire before World War 1.

• Significance: The large population highlights the vastness and influence of the British Empire, which spanned across various continents and territories. It also underscores the immense responsibility and challenges faced by the British in governing and maintaining control over such a diverse and expansive empire.

Britain:

What percentage of British pop. were working class and why is this important towards causing ww1?

72%,

This is important because it reflects the socio-economic structure of the country before ww1 and highlights the significant role of the working class in shaping British society, politics, and labor movements.

which country was the worlds largest manufacturer during ww1 and why is this significant

Militarism,

During World War 1, the United States became the world's largest manufacturer. This was significant because it marked a shift in global industrial power from Europe to the United States. The US's industrial capacity allowed it to supply its own military and its allies with weapons, ammunition, and other supplies, contributing to their victory in the war. Additionally, the US's increased manufacturing capabilities helped propel its economy and establish it as a major global power in the 20th century.

in which industry did Germany not outperform Britain in ww1 and why is this significant?

Militarism,

Industry: Naval Power Significance: Germany did not outperform Britain in naval power during WW1. This is significant because Britain's naval superiority allowed them to maintain control over the seas, cutting off Germany's access to vital resources and isolating them from global trade. This contributed to Germany's eventual defeat and highlights the importance of naval dominance in warfare.

FRANCE AND RUSSIA: What Land did Germany gain from France in 1870? why is this significant towards causes of ww1

Germany gained the region of Alsace-Lorraine from France in 1870 after the Franco-Prussian War. This territory was significant towards the causes of World War I because it created a sense of resentment and desire for revenge among the French. The loss of Alsace-Lorraine fueled French nationalism and contributed to the tensions and rivalries between France and Germany, which played a role in the outbreak of World War I.

how many colonies did France have during the war and why is this significant towards ww1

During World War I, France had 29 colonies. These colonies were significant towards WW1 because they provided France with resources, manpower, and strategic bases. Additionally, the colonies served as sources of revenue and helped maintain France's global influence.

What was the size of the French army?

1,2500,000

France had enough manpower and militarism. Highlights Frances military influence, and power during ww1.

who did Russia lose a war with in 1905, and how is this significant towards the start of ww1

Russia lost the Russo-Japanese War in 1905. This defeat weakened Russia's military and undermined its prestige, leading to internal unrest and political instability. These factors contributed to the start of World War I by creating a power vacuum and increasing tensions among European nations.

What percentage of the Russia population were peasant farmers?

85% of the Russian population were peasant farmers during World War 1.

This is significant because it highlights the agrarian nature of Russian society at that time and the heavy reliance on agriculture for sustenance and economic stability. The large percentage of peasant farmers also played a role in shaping the social and political dynamics in Russia during this period.

GERMANY:

what is the name of the politician who unjustified the German and Prussian states to form Germany in 1871?

Bismarck.

His actions were significant towards World War I because the unification of Germany under his leadership led to the rise of a powerful and aggressive German Empire, which later became a major player in the events that led to the outbreak of World War I.

What was the size of the German army?

2,200,000.

Militarism, ample resources

What is the name of the policy adopted by Kaiser Wilhelm II that aimed to make Germany a global power with a vast empire? How was it a cause of ww1?

WELTPOLITIK

Ambitions:

.Global influence: wanted to assert influence, and create a place amid other global powers. Wanted to influence global decisions and carve a way for Germany onto the political stage.

Implementing Weltpolitik intensified NATIONALISM as it bossed a sense of superiority and unity among citizens, this is a driving force behind WELTPOLITIK.

Industrialism, bc it resulted in growth of industries and economy, increase in economy leads to increase in nationalism as Germany feel more superior and ambitious.

.Colonial expansion: military spending increased by 75% which meant more funds sent towards MILITARISM. increase influence overseas.

Imperialism drove the practice of WELTPOLITIK, Wanted to make Germany a global power by increasing naval power, expanding territories, and creating a place amid the other dominant powers.

.Military power: wanted a powerful military as it was crucial for imperial expansions.

WELTPOLITIK was a cause for ww1 as it created tensions by disrupting global power balance, global competitions surged, it increased conflicts and led to intensified arms race with Britain, which meant higher tensions as other countries questioned Germany’s intentions of expanding their empire, in fear of German imperialistic ambitions.

After the Franco-Prussian war, by what % did Germany increase military spending?

73% ,

Helped Germany build a formidable military force, which contributed to MILITARISM, as it increased the size of Germanys’s armed forces. Also, contributed to IMPERIALISM as by increasing military forces, global influence is also increased which expands territories etc.

this escalated tensions and conflict between European powers as they begin to feel suspicion towards Germanise ambitions.

How much steel did Germany produce per year?

14 mill tonnes,

Highlights Germanys infrastructural advancements due to booming industrial economy which increases global ambitions. Furthermore, provides enough resources to deploy strategy’s.

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY : who was the emperor?

Franz Joseph.

Conflicts between European powers.

in 1914, when Franz Ferdinand was assassinated, tensions rose to an extremely high level. Franz Joseph regarded this act as an attack on the honour of the dynasty and declared war on Serbia, whom he saw as having masterminded the assassination. At that time, Austra-Hungary had no other allies apart from Germany which made them rely on Germany even more. Conflicts rose further between European powers which eventually led to ww1.

Where did violence erupt between Germans and the Czechs?

Prague,

contributes to NATIONALISM,

Signifies the escalations of tensions and conflicts between different groups within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Highlights the deep-rooted nationalist beliefs and territorial disputes that contributed to ww1.

How many colonies did Austria- Hungary have?

0

contributes to IMPERIALISM, by not having colonies, Austria-Hungary did not participate at the same level as other European powers at the time. Did not possess overseas territories like other dominant European powers. Highlights Austria- Hungarys focus of maintaining empire within Europe rather than globally.

Which area did Austria-Hungary have ambitions to control?

Bosnia,

Contributes to IMPERIALISM, Austria- Hungarians ambitions can be seen as imperialistic ambitions to expand influence over territories.

By controlling Bosnia, Austria-Hungary could maintain its influence in the Balkans and prevent the spread of rival powers such as Serbia, or Russia, from taking control. Bosnia was strategically located, as it provided Austria-Hungary with access to important trade routes and naval power. , which means it was a crucial area for Austria-Hungary to assert their dominance.

How many languages were the Astro-Hungarian mobilisation papers printed in?

15,

Diverse ethnic composition of the Empire, highlights the empires recognition of its diverse ethnic groups as it makes sure the papers were understood by everyone. Contributes to NATIONALISM.

THE MOROCCAN CRISES:

Which country first attempted to take over Morocco?

France

Who was the ruler of Morocco?

Sultan Abdelaziz

When was the Algeciras Conference?

1906

Which was the only country to support Germany?

Austria- Hungary

Which alliance was prompted by the cooperation at Algeciras?

Triple entente

Which town was occupied by the French in 1911?

Fez.

How many soldiers did the French send to suppress the rebellion during the Second Moroccan Crisis?

20,000

What was the name of the warship sent by Kaiser Wilhelm II to the port of Agadir?

Panther

Which British colony was threatened by German naval power during the Second Moroccan Crisis?

Gibraltar

In the Treaty of Fez, where was Germany given land as compensation for recognising France as the protector of Morocco?

Congo

BALKAN CRISES:

Which Balkan nation had become independent from the Ottomans by 1900?

Serbia

Which naval ports did the Russians hope to secure access to by influencing the Balkans?

Black Sea

Which nation did Austria-Hungary take over in 1908?

Bosnia

Why did Germany feel compelled to support Austria- Hungary?

Algeciras conference

Who began to militarise because of the Balkan Crisis of 1908?

Russia

THE BALKAN WARS:

The Balkan League was formed from countries with which ethnicity?

Slavic

Who lost the First Balkan War

Ottomans

The king of which country felt his country should have had more land after the First Balkan War (1912-1913)?

Bulgaria

Which country had gained most from the Balkan Wars by 1914?

Serbia

How much did Serbia grow by following the Second Balkan War?

50%

SPLENDID ISOLATION AND ANGLO-GERMAN RIVALRY:

When was the Two Power Standard introduced?

1889

How much money did the British Government invest to ensure this was successful?

£20million

Conflict in which country caused tension between France and Britain, due to Britain’s concern about access to the Mediterranean?

Egypt

Where did the Franco-Russian alliance threaten Britain’s world influence the most?

East Asia

What was the new type of battleship called?

Dreadnought

When did Germany respond to Britain building the first Dreadnought in 1906?

1908

In 1895, where did the Kiel Canal give the Germany navy direct access to?

North Sea

Which strategy aimed to make Germany the second most powerful naval nation?

Tirpitz plan

Where did the train line which began in Berlin finish?

Baghdad

THE JULY CRISES:

What was the name of the holy Serbian day on 28th June?

Vivovdan

In what year had Serbian nationalists attempted to assassinate Emperor Franz Josef?

1911

How many members did the Black Hand have?

2,500 members

Who provided Austria-Hungary with a ‘blank cheque’?

Germany

Out of Austria-Hungary's 10 demands in the ultimatum, how many did Serbia accept?

Serbia accepted 9.