Unit 2 Water Test

Migratory behavior of salmon in the Pacific northwest was assisted by

fish ladders.

Freshwater accounts for percent of total water in the world.

2.5%

Earth's freshwater is found in several forms. Which of the following statements about forms of freshwater is correct?

2/3 is aboveground in ice and glaciers.

In an aquifer,

groundwater is found in spaces between sediments and rock layers

The water table is

the uppermost level at which water fully saturates rock or soil.

Use of water from the Ogallala aquifer in the Great Plains region of the United States is not sustainable because

both c and d.

c)it is recharged at a rate that is slower than it is used.

d)There is intense competition for water for household, industrial, and agricultural use.

Saltwater intrusion into freshwater aquifers may be a problem in

coastal areas.

Traditionally, floodplains were very important for development of human habitation because

rivers overflowed their banks, depositing nutrient rich sediments for agriculture.

Oligotrophic lakes

have low productivity due to low amounts of nutrients.

Eutrophic lakes

have very high productivity as a result of high levels of nutrients.

Levees do which of the following?
I. prevent flooding
II. cause flooding downstream
III. prevent deposition of sediment on floodplains

I, II, and III.

I. prevent flooding
II. cause flooding downstream
III. prevent deposition of sediment on floodplains

Dams are used for which of the following?
I. Create reservoirs for drinking water.
II. Power turbines that generate electricity.
III. Better conditions for salmon migration.

I and II.

I. Create reservoirs for drinking water.
II. Power turbines that generate electricity.

When water is diverted from rivers, environmental damage may result in the following way:

a and c.

a)in an estuary fed by the river, salinity increases as sea water is able to encroach.

c) the quantity of lake waters fed by the river may decrease significantly.

Currently, some water-poor countries are obtaining fresh water through

desalination

The problem with the distillation method of desalination is that

it is energy intensive, expensive, and impacts fish.

Drip irrigation

all of these answers are correct.

a)is valuable in areas where underground hoses do not have to be moved for annual plowing.

b)involves dripping water near the roots of a plant using plastic pipes in the ground.

c)is 95% water efficient.

d)reduces weed growth.

Overall, the greatest percentage of household water use in the United States is for

flushing waste.

Gray water is suitable for

both c and d.

c)washing cars.

d)watering plants.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Chesapeake Bay?

it is one of many small estuaries along the east coast of the United States

The difference between a point source and a nonpoint source of water pollution is

point sources can be targeted for reduction while nonpoint sources are poorly defined and scattered.

Dead zones, such as the one in the Gulf of Mexico that exists off the coast of Louisiana, are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

low nitrogen concentrations

Tests on water can be used to indicate the likelihood of human wastewater contamination by testing for indicator species such as

fecal coliform bacteria

Environmental advantages of septic tanks include all of the following EXCEPT

no byproducts of water treatment remain

Primary treatment in a sewage treatment plant is designed to

remove debris and grit from wastewater

To decrease the likelihood of cultural eutrophication from the effluent released from a water treatment facility, sewage plants may include a

tertiary treatment of removing nitrogen and phosphorous

Which of the following is a possible end result for sludge from a sewage treatment plant?
I. Deposited in a landfill
II. Incinerated
III. Used as a fertilizer

I, II, and III

I. Deposited in a landfill

II. Incinerated

III. Used as a fertilizer

Bacteria are beneficial to wastewater treatment because

they naturally break down organic matter

Which pollutant is most likely to be naturally released into groundwater supplies, without human intervention?

arsenic

Which pollutant or pollutants are most likely to create eutrophic areas?

nitrates and phosphates

The pollution of waterways creating conditions in which productivity is decreased and gills of bottom dwelling organisms are clogged is due to

erosion and sedimentation

The Clean Water Act
I. Protects surface waters
II. Protects groundwater
III. Protects the diversity of aquatic species

I and III only

I. Protects surface waters

III. Protects the diversity of aquatic species

The United States legislation that empowers the EPA to establish maximum contaminant levels in drinking water is

The Safe Drinking Water Act

Waste from which of the following is an example of a nonpoint source of water pollution?

runoff from sprayed agricultural fields