Unit 1 Test: Chemistry of Life

Hydrocarbons

organic molecules consisting of only hydrogen and carbon; major components of petroleum

Isomer

variation in the architecture of organic molecules; Has different properties because of different shape(structural, cis-trans, and enantiomers)

Structural isomer

differ in covalent arrangements of their atoms, may also differ in arrangement of double bonds

Cis-trans isomer

carbons have covalent bonds, but the atoms differ in their spatial arrangements due to the inflexibility of double bonds; They have variations in arrangement around a double bond.

enantiomer

isomers that are mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon

Methyl

it is a non-chemically reactive, unlike the other chemical groups, and is often used as a recognizable tag on biological molecules

polar covalent bond

results in bonding in water; a single water molecule bond

cohesion

water sticking to water

adhesion

water sticking to other substances

specific heat

is defined as the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of that substance to change its temperature by 1*C; a large body of water can abosorbe and store a large amount of heat, heat regulation

evaporative cooling

moderation of temperature by evaporation

heat of vaporization

the quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state.

solution

a liquid that is completely homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

solvent

the dissolving agent of a solution

solute

the substance being dissolved

purines

adenine and guanine

pyrimidines

thymine, cytosine, and uracil

start codon

AUG

lipids that are liquid at room temperature