Henry VII Chapter 6 - Religion and Culture

7 Sacraments

• Baptism

• Confirmation

• Marriage

• Anointing of the sick

• Penance

• Holy orders (becoming part of the clergy)

• Holy Comunion/Eucharist

Political and social structure facts and definitions for some

• Parish churches - 8,000 in England

• Guilds- voluntary associations to promote Christian charity and devotion

• Diocese - areas under control of a bishop (17 in England)

• Monastic orders - 900 monasteries in England

• Friars - recruited from lower down the social scale than mo articles orders often dominated by Dominican, Franciscan and Augustinian orders

• Laity - people not in the clergy but played key parts in the church such as charity leaders

Beliefs and Practices

• Transubstantiation - during mass the blessing of Jesus' body and blood to bread and wine

• Chantries - chapels, paid for by benefactors (donators), where masses for the dead souls took place

• Intercession- action by a priest or member of clergy to say a prayer for someone else

• Heresy - beliefs that challenge the normal beliefs of the church

• Anti clericalism - opposition to the churches role in politics and other non religious things

Lollards

• Thought the Catholic church was corrupt and sceptical of transubstantiation and challegned the status of priests

• Belived the Bible should be in English not Latin

Oppositions to the church

• Lollards

• Criticism of mastic life - not all monasteries were run effectively and were sometimes corrupt

• Churchmen - Henry appointed Morton and Fox to administer England but they weakened the religious leadership of Catholic Church

• Clergy were absent from their parish - still received payment (stipend) and some had multiple parishes (pluralists) amd some had mistresses (immoral)

• Humanist ideas

Positives of the church

• Looked after the poor (anointing of the sick)

• Allowed a route into government for commoners e.g. Thomas Wolsey

• Church valued education and ran schools through the Guilds system

• Had mystery plays, shrines and churchale drinking festivals

• Pope and Henry had a healthy relationship - Henry got a dispensation to marry Elizabeth of York

• Religious festivals linked to the farming year were popular upon locals

• Pilgrimage

• Healthy amount of new recruits wanting to be priests

• Friars recruiting system

Humanism

• End of the church's monopoly control over learning and thought