Dance and Physical Education Reviewer

Vocabulary flashcards covering the history of dance, elements of dance, Philippine folk and ethnic dances, cheerdance, physical fitness components, safety and health conditions, festival dances, and target heart rate formulas.

Dance (Barbara Mettler, 1980)

In its purest and most basic form, dance is the art of the body movement, capable of taking many forms and filling needs such as recreation, entertainment, education, therapy, and religion.

Prehistoric Age Dance

Early form of dance often associated with rituals, such as rain dances and fertility rites.

Ancient Egypt Dance

Dance practiced as part of religious ceremonies to honor gods.

Ancient Greece and Rome Dance

Dance used in theater, especially in tragedies and comedies, and considered a way to connect with the divine.

Middle Ages Dance

Dance that played an important role in everyday life, looking distinct depending on whether one was part of the nobility or a common villager.

Court Dances

Elegant, formal Renaissance era dances performed in long lines or circles, serving as a sign of good manners and high social status in royal and noble society.

Baroque Era Dance

A stage of dance that became theatrical with elaborate costumes, refined movements, and a focus on precision, posture, and coordination.

Romanticism Ballet

Ballet transformed from court entertainment into full-stage productions featuring stories, characters, and emotional expression.

Dance (Gilbert, 2015)

A purposeful and expressive movement of the body organized rhythmically in space and time.

Space

An element of dance referring to the area the performers occupy and where they move.

Energy

An element of dance referring to movements propelled by force or energy.

Timing

An element of dance referring to movements executed in varying tempo or speed.

Bodily Shapes

An element of dance referring to how the entire body is molded in space or the configuration of body parts.

Philippine Folk Dance

A traditional dance showing the culture, way of life, and beliefs of the Filipino people, usually performed during festivals, celebrations, and special events.

Ethnic Dance

Dances that represent indigenous tribes and communities.

Singkil

A Maranao ethnic dance telling the story of Princess Gandingan from the epic Darangen, who gracefully steps between bamboo poles representing falling trees during an earthquake.

Kadal Taho

A T'boli tribe ethnic dance known as the Dance of the True Birds, inspired by bird flight in South Cotabato to symbolize harmony between humans and nature.

Banga

A Kalinga ethnic dance representing women carrying water from rivers using clay pots, honoring their strength, patience, hard work, grace, and skill.

Maglalatik

A traditional folk dance originating from Laguna that depicts a mock battle over latik (coconut residue) or honors a patron saint, highlighting the coconut industry.

Cariñosa

A traditional folk dance originating from Panay Island portraying Spanish colonial era courtship and traditional values such as modesty, respect, courtesy, and love.

Tinikling

A traditional folk dance originating from Panay Island inspired by the tikling bird avoiding bamboo traps in rice fields, symbolizing agility, resilience, and coordination.

Francisca Reyes Aquino

Recognized as the Mother of Philippine Folkdance.

Cheerdance

An activity coined from 'cheer' (shouting words or phrases to motivate) and 'dance' (a physical activity expressing emotions or gestures through body movements).

1898 (Cheerleading)

The year the first organized cheerleading activity took place at the University of Minnesota in the United States.

1994 (UAAP Cheerdance)

The year the UAAP organized its first official Cheerdance Competition, turning school pep rallies into a standalone spectator event.

Cardiovascular Endurance

A component of physical fitness that allows performers to sustain activity without getting tired easily.

Muscular Strength

A component of physical fitness needed for lifting teammates and supporting body weight.

Muscular Endurance

A component of physical fitness allowing muscles to perform repeated movements without fatigue.

Flexibility

A component of physical fitness that improves range of motion and prevents injuries.

Power

A component of physical fitness that produces explosive jumps and dynamic stunts.

Coordination

A component of physical fitness that ensures movements are synchronized.

Balance

A component of physical fitness that helps maintain stability during stunts and landings.

Agility

A component of physical fitness that allows quick changes in movement and direction.

FITT Principle

An exercise acronym representing Frequency (how often), Intensity (how hard), Time (how long), and Type (type of exercise).

Dehydration

A condition occurring when the body loses more fluids than it takes in, resulting in a lack of water for normal bodily functions (WHO, 2020).

Overexertion

Pushing the body beyond its physical limits during activity, resulting in excessive fatigue or injury.

Hyperthermia

A condition in which body temperature becomes dangerously high because the body cannot release heat effectively.

Hypothermia

A condition occurring when body temperature drops below normal due to prolonged exposure to cold conditions.

Festival Dance

Cultural dances performed to strong percussion beats by a community sharing the same culture, usually done in honor of a patron saint or in thanksgiving for a bountiful harvest.

Religious Festival Dance

A festival dance done in honor of a certain religious icon or saint of a particular place.

Secular Festival Dance

A non-religious festival dance celebrated in thanksgiving or celebration of people's industry and bountiful harvest.

Singkaban Festival

A week-long cultural festival held in Bulacan every September 15th marking the 1898 Malolos Congress anniversary, named after singkaban (welcoming arches made of bamboo).

Predicted Maximum Heart Rate (PMHR)

Calculated using the formula: $\text{PMHR} = 220 - \text{AGE}$.

Lowest Target Heart Rate (LTHR)

The minimum heart rate needed for effective exercise, calculated using the formula: $\text{LTHR} = \text{PMHR} \times 50\%$.

Highest Target Heart Rate (HTHR)

The maximum recommended heart rate to exercise safely, calculated using the formula: $\text{HTHR} = \text{PMHR} \times 85\%$.