Ch. 20 Micro Bio

8 main sections structures of the GI Tract

• Mouth

• Pharynx

• esophagus

• Stomach

• Small intestine

• Large intestine

• Rectum

• Anus

4 accessory organs of GI

• Salivary glands

• Liver

• Gallbladder

• Pancreas

6 Defense of GI tract

• mucus

• Secretory IgA

• Peristalsis

• Saliva

• Stomach fluid

• Bile

3 places that have normal biota

• Oral cavity

• Stomach

• Large intestine

Pathogens enter GI tract and multiply, Typically delay in GI disturbance as bacteria grow, fever is common

Infections

Ingestions of performed toxin, sudden symptoms and GI tract disturbances, fever not as common

Intoxications

Severe diarrhea containing blood and/or mucous

Dysentery

Inflammation of the stomach and intestinal mucosa

Gastroenteritis

3 or more loose stools in a 24-hour period often accompanied by fever, abdominal pain, cramping, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration

Acute diarrhea

Very large genus of bacteria; disease caused by Salmonella enterica

Salmonella

Invades cells of the large intestine and initiates an inflammatory response that causes extensive tissue destruction

Shigella

Virulence due to Shiga toxin

Shiga-Toxin-Producing E. Coil (STEC)

Is the most common cause by Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter

Colon is inflamed and gradually sloughs off membrane like patches called pseudo membranes

Clostridioides difficile (C.diff)

Produces the cholera toxin and toxin causes the host cells to secrete electrolytes

Vibrio cholerae

Transmitted through drinking water or food contaminated by feces from infected animals

Cryptosporidum

Common in children; low mortality, 2-3 day incubation; low-grade fever, diarrhea, vomiting, preventing with a live oral vaccine

Rotavirus

Fecal-oral transmission, low infectious dose, 18- to 48-hour incubation; diarrhea and vomiting

Norovirus

Food poisoning symptoms in the gut that are caused by a preformed toxin of…

staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium prefringens

Most cases of this chronic diarrhea associated with consumption of fresh produce and water contaminated with feces

Cyclospora

The case of Chronic Diarrhea prolonged diarrhea, abdominal pain, and flatulence..

Giardia

This is the most common infectious disease of human beings, involves the dissolution of solid tooth surface due to the metabolic action of bacteria (streptococcus mutans)

Dental caries

Inflammation and infection of the gums

Gingivitis

Bone and tissues supporting the teeth are destroyed

Periodontitis

Viruses targets the parotid salivary glands

Mumps

Caused by Helicobacter pylori

Gastritis and Gastric Ulcers

Inflammatory disease marked by necrosis of hepatocytes and an inflammatory response that swells and disrupts the liver architecture

Hepatitis

Destroys the liver by using genetic variation to evade the immune response

Hepatitis C Virus

3 points of Eosinophilia

• Increase in granular leukocytes called eosinophils

• Have a specialized capacity to destroy helminths

• Hallmark of helminthic infection