dofka dental terminology chapter 19

dental laboratory technician

trained through formal schooling or on-the-job experience

certified dental technician (CDT)

after graduating or training, this is what the technician becomes

denturist

fabricates dentures and is legalized by the state dental boards in some states

ceramist

expert in ceramics; specializes in porcelain crowns and restorations

work order

written directions from the dentist to the laboratory completing the case

working days

amount of time required by the laboratory to complete the prescription

articulator

device to imitate joint action; machine that imitates the movement of the mandible and the TMJ on mounted models

model trimmer

grinding, motorized, abrasive disc device used to trim or remove excess gypsum on diagnostic casts in preparation for placement on articulators or for models that may be used as visual records of mouth conditions for patient education and treatment planning

gypsum mixing machine

device used for mechanical mixing of gypsum products; the machine also has a vacuum process to eliminate air bubbles in the mixture

vibrator

small table-model appliance with a platform to hold bowls of freshly mixed gypsum; used to gently shake or vibrate air bubbles to the top of the mixture

furnace

heating device with high temperature range( up to 2000 C or 3632 F); used to melt out the wax patterns from the investment material; similar to a pottery kiln but smaller

waxing unit

heater unit to melt and hold lab wax (50-120 C or 122-248 F) in a liquid state for use in laboratory construction procedures

waxing pens/pencils

handheld electrical heating device with various insert tips used to carve and mold wax patterns

oven

hot-air heat devices to prepare materials 100-480 C (200-900 F)

bath

hot oil, or water-heat device to prepare materials to 200 C (350 F) temperature

hydrocolloid conditioning machine

heating device that uses water to condition and prepare reversible hydrocolloid material for impressions; has three components for graduated heated water baths

burner

heating device to externally heat and object not contained within it, for example Bunsen Burner or micro torch; used to heat wax for carving or sheets of baseplate wax for models

vacuum formers

device used to heat acrylic sheets and vacuum pressure them to a prepared form for construction of a custom impression tray

electroplating unit

electrical device used to apply alloy materials to surface objects, such as dies; the alloy covering on the stone die protects the surface of the die during fabrication

blowtorch

heating device using compressed gas or chemical fuel to melt alloys for casting

casting machine

centrifugal spin device used to force melted alloy into an investment ring

curing unit

device used to heat-cure or complete the polymerization process of acrylics; may used pressurized heat or a light curing unit for bonding materials and substances

sandblasting machine

air abrasion machine with force abrasive material (sand) flow to polish and clean items

lathe

electrical motor with extended rods for attachment of appliances (abrasive discs, rag wheels, bur chuck, etc) for sanding, smoothing, and shaping of materials

splash pan

receptacle with high back that is inserted under the lathe wheel ends; the pan captures and contains the splash from the attachments and helps to maintain a clear area

dust collector

suction powered unit to remove gypsum and acrylic dust from lab area

plating unit

machine to electroplate gold veneers, precious metals, and semiprecious metals

electric motors and handpieces

benchtop units providing selective handpiece power for lab operations

welder/solder machine

electric unit used to weld orthodontic bands or for general soldering

denture

replacement for a body part

full mouth denture set

a complete replacement for the maxillary and mandibular arches; composed of two trays-the maxillary denture plate and the mandibular plate

single denture

a denture replacement for one arch; either maxillary or mandibular

immediate denture

a denture that is placed in the mouth at the time the natural teeth are surgically removed; after removal of the teeth and an alveolectomy to prepare the bone, the tissues are sutured, and the denture is inserted into place-not permanently attached like an implant denture

overdenture

acrylic denture prepared to fit on the bony ridge and gingiva while attached to the remaining teeth or implant devices

denture base

pink acrylic part of the denture that fits over and covers the alveolar ridge (gum); can be shaded light or dark purple, ethnic, or clear palate

denture teeth

artificial teeth used in denture construction; may be porcelain or acrylic material and supplied on anterior or posterior "cards" differing in shape color and material

denture flange

extension of denture over the posterior anatomy present; used to stabilize

denture post dam

suction seal of denture that extends side to side from the rear of the denture

impression tray

used to hold material for the impression procedure

spacer

material, usually baseplate wax, that is placed on the model or cast surface to allow a space for the impression material

stop

indents or holes cut out of the spacer in the tray to prevent the tray from being placed to deeply

adhesive

sticky liquid that is painted or sprayed on the surface of the smooth impression tray to help retain the impression material in the tray

molding

finger shaping of the impression material over the edge of the tray for better adaptation; also called muscle trimming

wax setup

sample prosthesis used to fit, adjust, and test jaw relationship of the wax denture

occlusal rims

wax block placed on the baseplate over the residual ridge of the plate; the rims are used for placement of denture teeth while mounted on the articulator

festooning

melting, shaping, and forming of the wax rims to stimulate functional and esthetic gingival tissue

centric relationship

the most retruded, unstrained position in the mandibular condyle in the glenoid fossa, or commonly stated as "biting on the posterior teeth."

retrusion

position of the mandible as far posterior as possible while in occlusion

protrusion

position of the mandible as far anterior as possible while in occlusion

lateral excursion

sliding position of the mandible from side to side, while in occlusion

vertical dimension

space height of the denture teeth while in occlusion

smile line

amount of denture tooth space that is viewed while the patient is smiling

cuspid eminence

vertical length or height of the denture cuspid placement

partial appliance

dental prosthesis that replaces one or more teeth

crown and bridgework

when it is fixed or cemented into the mouth

removable partial denture

is able to be removed at will by the patient

bilateral partial denture

replaces the teeth and structures on both sides of the arch

unilateral partial denture

replaces the teeth and structure on only one side

framework

the skeleton of the partial prosthesis to which acrylic material and artificial teeth will be applied

abutment

the remaining natural tooth or implanted device that supports and stabilizes the prosthesis

connector

metal framework that unites the left and right sides of the partial appliance; termed palatal in the maxillary and lingual in mandibular

saddle

mesh extension of the framework that rests on the alveolar ridge; the mesh will be covered with pink acrylic material to resemble oral tissue

stress breaker

a device placed in stress bearing areas to assist with occlusal forces

retainer

a clasp or removable partial denture attachment that is applied to an abutment tooth to provide retention; may be clasp type or intracoronal retainer and fabricated as a cast, wrought wire, or a combination of the two

bar

originates at the prosthesis base or connector border and extends upward toward the tooth undercut

circumferential

a clasp that encircles a tooth more than 180 degrees with one terminal end in the undercut of the tooth crown

rest

metal projector or clasp extension that fits into the prepared area or restoration of the abutting tooth; supply support and stabilization and are described according to their surface position, such as occlusal rests and lingual rests

inlay

cast restoration that sits inside the tooth cusps and is constructed to fit in the tooth preparation of the proximal walls and a portion of the occlusal surface

onlay

cast restoration that covers one or more of the tooth cusps and is constructed to fit the tooth preparation of the proximal walls and most or all of the occlusal surface

three-quarter crown

cast restoration that is applied to a tooth prepared on all surfaces except the facial surface

full crown

cast restoration that covers the entire visible, anatomical tooth

porcelain fused to metal crown (PFM)

full cast crown restoration that has a porcelain (ceramic) veneer applied to prepared surfaces; the PFM gives an esthetic, natural appearance to the metal casting

veneer

thin, tooth-colored shell that is applied to the prepared facial surface of a tooth

porcelain jacket crown (PJC)

thin metal and ceramic veneered crown for an anterior tooth

post and core crown (PCC)

crown for use in an endodontically treated tooth with significantly loss of tooth structure; the crown has an internal post to fit into the pulp chamber and the prepared core to give full coverage and strength

temporary crown

acrylic, aluminum, or composite crown constructed provisionally cemented on for protection while construction of the permanent crown is completed

fixed bridge

prosthesis that replaces one or more missing teeth; usually involves adjoining teeth (abutment) to space and is therefore termed crown and bridge prosthesis

cantilever bridge

prosthesis in which only one side of the device is attached to the retainer or abutment tooth

maryland bridge

conservative, prepared resin-retained prosthesis using a bonding procedure to hold to adjacent teeth; may be used in either anterior or posterior area

occlusal records

measurements of jaw relationships and articulation of teeth; measurements are obtained with impressions and/or articulation devices

facebow

metal orthodontic arch bow device that attaches to intraoral buccal tubes; headgear

die

exact stone replica of the tooth preparation that is receiving the prosthesis; usually made of dental stone and may be electroplated for extra strength

dowel pin

tapered brass post that is placed into the die when the stone is poured; used as the handle of the die during the waxing and carving of the pattern

wax pattern

exact wax replica of the prosthesis to be completed; prepared by melting wax on the die and carving it to proportion; pattern is invested in a gypsum product then melted out to leave a form or shape for the casting of the alloy reproduction

separating medium

material placed upon the die before the wax is melted onto it to enable separation when completed

die relief

space in the prosthesis to accommodate the cement process

sprue pin

small plastic pin in the wax pattern to hold the wax during the investment process

sprue base

used to hold a wax pattern on a sprue pin to hold the wax during the investment process

casting ring

small ring, 1-3/8" by 1-1/4" which is used to hold the invested pattern

liner

a thin coat of material that provides a barrier against chemical leakage into tooth structure; a ring lining placed inside the casting ring to allow for investment expansion

investment

gypsum used to surround and hold the denture appliance form until pouring or casting

wax elimination

burn out of wax pattern from investment material, leaving a shape void

casting

metal production of a wax pattern

blowtorch

a compressed air heating device used to melt alloys for castings

zone 1

junction area when gases meet; unproductive

zone 2

combustion area, oxidizing, slightly green; not to be used

zone 3

reducing area, bluish, hottest part of flame; the desirable use zone

zone 4

oxidizing area, where flame meets air; coolest part of flame

pickling solution

solution used to remove surface film from the cast restoration

soldering

joining of two metals by the fusion of intermediate alloy that may be silver or gold