Biology water.

Pre enrollment work

dipole

molecule with partial positive and negative charges, resulting from unequal sharing of electrons.

water link- This then allows water molecules to bind with other hydrogen bonds.

cohesion

when molecules of the same substance stick together e.g water droplets.

the tendency of water molecules to stick together due to hydrogen bonding.

water link- This allows water have a high surface tension and be transported continuously through the xylem.

adhesion

when molecules stick to different substances. such as water sticking to glass.

water link- water molecules can form bonds with the walls of the xylem. this helps the transpiration stream.

high specific heat capacity

amount of energy to raise one kilogram of a substance by 1 degree

water link- water has a high specific heat capacity meaning bodies of water remain thermostable

useful in cells as the cytoplasm doesn’t denature.

high latent heat of vaporisation

amount of energy needed to convert a unit of mass of a liquid to a gas

with a constant temperature and pressure

without any temperature change

water link- allows organisms to loose heat efficiently through transpiration and sweating without loosing too much water.

to evaporate sweat it requires a lot of energy, the thermal energy is used to evaporate this sweat cooling the body down.

universal solvent

substance that can dissolve a wide variety of solutes due to its molecular properties

Link to water- can dissolve polar and charged molecules.

e.g oxygen, carbon dioxide and minerals.

Transport medium

fluid that carries substances such as gases hormones minerals and waste products around an organism.

Water link- is the solvent in blood. Also is the solutions in the xylem and phloem.

reactant

water is used as a reactant in photosynthesis and for hydrolysis reactions.

Hydrolisis is the reaction between water and another substance.

Transparent

Light can penetrate through to allow photosynthesis to take place.

water freezing

ice is less dense than water.

ice forms an insulating layer on the surface of bodies of water. keeping bodies of water warmer.

why does water have high surface tension

due to the covalently bonded hydrogen bonds that form a lattice structure. light weighted organisms due not have enough energy to overcome the bonds therefore do not penetrate the water.

what are molecules called if they have a slight charge. no charge

slight charge- polar.

no charge- non-polar