ACC World History Final Exam Flash cards ('24-25 Student Version)

Made by Trystyn Merrill

Invasion of which country started WWII?

Poland September 1 1979

What is Blitzkrieg

Air Attacks:

Air - German air force mercilessly bombs target, Luftwaffe - German air force, Tanks - Move in and destroy anything left standing, Troops - Soldiers kill or capture any survivors

What was the Non Aggression pact and outcome of the pact?

“Hitler regarded the German-Soviet non-aggression pact as a tactical and temporary maneuver.”

The non-aggression pact allowed Germany to focus on those goals without fear of a Soviet attack. The pact enabled Nazi Germany to avoid war on two fronts—western and eastern—for a while. 

In July 1940, one month after Germany defeated France, Hitler ordered preparations for war against the Soviet Union

Why did the United States drop the atomic bomb on Japan

To end the war in the Pacific

Alternative to invading and prolonging the war

for revenge?

What was the Significance of Stalingrad?

Turning point in the fight against the Germans in the Soviet Union. Stalingrad was a large factory city with rich oil fields, and Stalin would fight hard to defend it. Eventually, German troops would run out of supplies. Hitler would not allow German troops to surrender. German troops are weakened. 

Was was Pearl Harbor?

The attack killed many people. Sank six U.S ships. Japan failed to achieve its objective. They failed to destroy vital repair shops and fuel tanks. Japanese Americans were forced to relocate to internment camps. 

What was the Invention that aided the British against German air attacks

Radar

who were the Groups of people that Hitler targeted during the Holocaust?

Jewish,disabled,homosexulas, and prisoners of war.

What led the U.S. to move away from their policy of isolationism?

The Attack on Pearl Harbor

What was Concentration camps?

In Mein Kampf, Hitler wrote that he would get rid of all the Jews. To work on expansion

What resources did Japan need to fight the war?

oil, steel, iron, and other commodities.

 What strategies were used by the Japanese during WW2? Hint: alliances, actions on other countries

They had alliances with Germany and Italy to create the Axis Powers. Exemplarism Japan aimed to establish dominance, which led to the invasion and occupation of neighboring countries, such as China, Korea, and Southeast asian Nations. Surprise attacks. Naval warfare naval forces in intro

What was Role of Women in War?

Women fought in combat.  Took new roles within the military.

Russia took on factory jobs 

Purpose of Potsdam Conference

Finalize the division in Germany

What was a source of tension during the Potsdam Conference?

The USSR and the West

What is meant by the cold war?

There was never a “direct war” between the USA and the USSR, but they were often close to war.

Eastern Block (what was the U.S. concerned about with Soviet control at the end of WWII)

Concerned about control of other countries like Europe, China and India

 What was the goal/intent of the Marshall Plan?

The Marshall plan offered 13 billion in aide to help rebuild Europe.  Help stop the spread of communism

Berlin Airlift

The US would send down food and supplies. To break soviet blockade, and to ensure part of the city remains Democratic

What was the Truman Doctrine? How did it impact nations during the cold war era?

Provided aid to countries that resisted communism

What was Perestroika

“Restructuring” people could own private property end of Cold War

What was Glasnost?

“Openness” russians had freedom of speech

What was the Iron Curtain?

The USSR was secretive during their industrialization

NATO (what was it…which countries were its members?)

North American Treaty Organization. The purpose was to safeguard and protect and security of its Members. Members include: USA,Britain,Belgium,Canada,France, Iceland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Greece, Turkey, West Germany, and Spain

Warsaw Pact (what was it…which countries were its members?)

To safeguard, and protect its communist members. The members included: U.S.S.R, Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland, and Romina

Cuban Missile Crisis

With the help of USSR, Fidel Castro turned Cuba in to a communist trade state. US put trade embargo on Cuba. an attempt to put nuclear missiles in Cuba

Great Leap Forward

Economic policy is designed to increase steel and agricultural food output. Organized communes.

Cultural Revolution: What were its goals?

Set quotas, and  destroy the old fours

Who was Fidel Castro?

Communist Leader of Cuba

Who was Mao Zedong

Leader of China 1949, 1976

What was the arms race?

Nations gain military advantages

Why did the USSR collapse? What period/era came to an end with its collapse?

Mikhail Govbachev came to power

What was Decolonization?

one country removes its control over another region, one country gives back political power to native people, withdrawal of imperial powers from their colonies

What was Partition of India and its effects

Two main religious groups in India: Hindu and Muslim, Hindus made up a majority of the population

What is Desertification

Land is unoccupied deserted

What was India after WWII (i.e. India’s position during the Cold War, India’s economic state, type of government, etc.)

Couldn't maintain their independence. They began to decolonize. However they would face religious,social,economic and political issues.

Who was Mahatma Gandhi: What did he advocate? Why was he assassinated?

Leader emerged in the early 1900, shaped the independence movement. Led “Quit India” a non violent protest.

Who was Jawaharlal Nehru?

 improve newly independent India’s economy/government. focus on industrialization, democratic socialism, and claim Kashmir (territory) “Industrialization for Modernization”.

Who was Muhammad Ali Jinnah?

led the Muslim League and proposed Partition of India into Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan

What was Pakistan?

Internal struggles concerning religion, and regional issues

Why was Bangladesh established?

Differences in language, history and ethnic traditions

What were the characteristic of military dictatorships in Chile, Brazil and Argentina?

All used torture and murder to silence opposition

Negritude Movement (AKA Pan Africanism)

Type of literature that rejected European culture and focused on African culture and identity

What was Apartheid?

People divided into racial groups, passed very restrictive laws on nonwhites, no interracial marriage, had to carry ID books at ALL times, couldn’t vote, could only hold certain (low-paying) jobs, lived in segregated lands (townships).

What was the African National Congress (ANC)

early 1900’s, was an organized, peaceful group that held protests against apartheid; wrote to the government, etc. The goal was to end apartheid!

What was Rwanda Genocide

1990 Tribes or Rwanda led to a Hutu-led goverment geocide of Tutsies.

Who was . F.W. De Klerk?

S.A. President, makes ANC legal and begins to end the Apartheid (1991)

Who was Nelson Mandela?

Mandela was a young lawyer. In 1952, he helped in a campaign to break apartheid laws, gaining many followers

What is the purpose of creating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

Equality, to stop the repetition of history

What was the Suez Canal Crisis

Britain, France, and Israel attacked Egypt in October 1956 because Nasser, the leader of Egypt, nationalized (took control of) the Suez Canal

Who was Ayatollah Khomeini (how did Iran change under his leadership)

He enforced strict religious and social values

Palestine Question: Why was Palestine a source of conflict in the Middle East?

Oil has been the cause of many conflicts between and within oil-rich countries.

Who was Golda Meir?

1973, Golda Meir was the leader of Israel at this time.

How did the establishment of Israel impact the Middle East?

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) which attempts to regulate price of oil exports to maximize revenues.

What was Cause of invasion of Iraq? (2003)

when Iran’s Islamic government supported a revolution among Iraq’s Shiite population

Who was the Shah of Iran?

Leader of Iran who westernized Iran and moved away from traditional Islamic Beliefs He fled Iran before the Iranian revolution

Which 2 countries did Iraq invade?

Iran, Kuwait

Who was Saddam Hussein?

Saddam is captured in 2003 by US forces and hung for war crimes.War in Iraq does not officially end until 2011.

What was Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden?

The terrorist attack by al Qaeda on September 11, 2001 is an example of an Islamic extremist act. One of the most destructive acts of terrorism took place on September 11, 2001 in the United States.  This was orchestrated by Osama bin Laden leader of the terrorist group called al Qaeda.