Radiation Scientists

Wilhelm Rontgen

What scientist discovered x-rays while working with a Hittorf-Crookes (X-ray Tube) to study cathode rays (electrons)?

Photoelectric effect

The electron completely transfers its energy to an inner orbital electron which is ejected from its atom.

On a New Kind of Rays

What was the name of Roentgen’s original paper that he published on his x-ray discovery?

Wilhelm Rontgen

What scientist is known as the father of diagnostic radiology?

roentgen (R)

Which is the STANDARD unit of exposure?

Coulombs per kilogram (C/kg)

What is the SI unit for exposure?

Einstein

Which scientist won a Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect?

physics and mathematics

Einstein studied _______________ at the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich in 1896.

special relativity; speed of light

Einstein’s 1905 paper introduced his theory of ________ and the independence of the _______ on the observer’s state of motion.

Glenn Seaborg

Which scientist discovered or co-discovered a handful of radioactive materials including but not limited to Plutonium, Americium, Iodine-131, and more?

Americium-241

Which radioactive isotope has a wide commercial used and is found in things such as medical diagnostic devices, thickness gauges research, fluid-density gauges, aircraft fuel gauges, distance-sensing devices, and smoke detectors?

Alpha/Gamma emitter

Americium-241 is known as an ___________

Glenn Seaborg

Which scientist discovered the element that makes atomic bombs explode?

Iodine-131 and Co-60

Glenn Seaborg discovered radioisotopes used to treat millions of cancer patients:

Glenn Seaborg; Seaborgium-106

Which scientist was the first living scientist to have an element named after him in 1997? What is the element called?

cyclotron

atomic particles are accelerated by changing electromagnetic fields over great distances (as great as 2 miles) underground toward a target, the target element’s nuclear binding force is overcome, and the element accepts the particle, making a new element

Pierre Curie

Which scientist researched crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity, and radioactivity?

Pierre Curie

Which scientist made the first discovery of nuclear energy, and the continuous emission of heat from radium particles with his students?

radioactivity

The Curie is a unit of _______ (3.7 × 10 ^10 decays per second).

Jean Frederic Joliot

Which scientist used alpha bombardment to turn one element into another, creating radioactive nitrogen from boron and phosphorus from aluminum?

Helium nuclei

Alpha particles are _______

2 protons and 2 neutrons

The Helium nucleus is made up of _______ and has no orbital electrons.

+2

Due to there being no negative charges to negate the positive nucleus, the alpha particle has a charge of __

Helium atoms

Alpha particles attempt to acquire 2 electrons making them electrically neutral _________

Polonium-210

What radioactive material is known as an ALPHA emitter and was discovered by Marie Curie in 1898? It is very toxic if absorbed into the bodily system.

Antoine Becquerel

What scientist discovered and investigated the spontaneous emission of nuclear radiation (spontaneous radioactivity) by studying uranium and potassium sulfate?

Louis Harold Gray

What scientist worked mainly on the effects of radiation on biological and human biology, inventing the field of radiobiology?

Louis Harold Gray

Which scientist-initiated research into cells in hypoxic tumors and hyperbaric oxygen and developed the concept of Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of doses of neutrons?

Relative Biological Effectiveness

Represented as a quality factor (QF) because some types of radiation are more biologically damaging to live tissue than others when the absorbed dose from both is equal.

rad

What is the standard unit for dose?

gray

What is the SI unit for dose?

rem

What is the standard unit for dose equivalent?

seivert (Sv)

What is the SI unit for dose equivalent?

curie

What is the standard unit for radioactivity?

becquerel

What is the SI unit for radioactivity?

Rolf Sievert

Which scientist’s major contribution was in the study of the biological effects of radiation and founded the International Radiation Protection Association? He also invented a number of instruments for measuring radiation doses.

Ernest Rutherford

Which scientist is known as the Father of Nuclear Physics, helped adapt Rutherford’s nuclear structure, split the atom and lead the first experiment to “split the nucleus in a controlled manner”, and helped determine the age of the Earth?

Radioactive Half-life

Often called physical half-life Tp, is the time it takes for one half of atoms to disintegrate

Radioactive decay

A naturally occurring process where an unstable atomic nucleus is trying to become stable through the emission of a charged particle

Decay

____ is not altered by temperature, pressure or chemical combinations

Robert Oppenheimer

Which scientist worked on the fast neutron calculations of the Manhatten Project, worked on and named the Trinity Project, and headed the Atomic Energy Commission speaking openly about arms control and his opposition the development of the Hydrogen Bomb?

Hal Anger

Which scientist invented the firs scintillation camera, developed the well counter, and invented the first whole-body scanner and the first midplane tomographic scanner?