DNA Packaging & Chromosome Structure

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Last updated 11:37 PM on 8/2/26
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5 Terms

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How is DNA packaged into chromosomes?

DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes (“beads on a string”). These nucleosomes coil further into chromatin fibres, which supercoil to form chromosomes.

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What is a nucleosome?

A nucleosome is DNA wrapped ~1.65 turns around a core of 8 histone proteins, acting as the fundamental unit of DNA packaging.

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How does chromatin condensation regulate gene expression?

Loosely packed chromatin (euchromatin) → genes accessible → active transcription

Tightly packed chromatin (heterochromatin) → genes inaccessible → silenced

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Why is DNA supercoiled into chromosomes?

Prevents tangling and damage

Allows DNA to fit inside nucleus

Enables efficient segregation during cell division

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