Addiction and Addictive Diseases

These flashcards cover the definitions, physiological mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, and treatment phases of addictive diseases based on the lecture notes.

Addictive potential

The potential of substances like alcohol, nicotine, or illegal drugs where even a single or repeated use can lead to the first step of dependence.

Reward system (Gehirn)

The brain system that is misdirected in addiction; it perceives addictive substances as positive stimuli by releasing neurotransmitters that trigger euphoria.

Biological tolerance

The decrease in a drug's effect after repeated consumption, which leads patients to increase doses to achieve the desired effect.

Dependence syndrome (Criteria)

A diagnosis made when at least three of six specific criteria (e.g., craving, loss of control, withdrawal) are met within the last 12 months.

Non-substance-bound addiction

Dependence on behaviors such as gambling, computer games, internet use, work, or sex, which typically do not show physical signs of withdrawal.

Stoffgebundene Abhängigkeit (Substance-bound addiction)

Addictions involving chemicals (e.g., alcohol, opioids) that provoke both psychological and physical dependence.

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter in the limbic system activated by addictive substances to create a reward effect and desired mood.

Genetic predisposition

The biological tendency for addiction where specific gene configurations can increase the risk of conditions like alcohol dependence.

Social factors

External influences including substance availability, peer pressure, and school environments that impact the entry into addiction.

Psychological dependence

Characterized by an irresistible craving (craving), loss of control over timing and quantity, and continued use despite harmful consequences.

Physical dependence

The body's adaptation to a substance, manifesting as withdrawal symptoms like tremors, sweating, or seizures when consumption is reduced.

Withdrawal symptoms (Entzugserscheinungen)

Symptoms such as sleep disorders, depressive moods, tremors, and tachycardia that occur when a person stops or reduces drug intake.

Abstinence

The therapeutic goal of total avoidance of the addictive substance.

Substitution treatment

A treatment method for specific addictions, such as opioid dependence, using replacement substances like methadone.

Treatment Phases

The four-stage process consisting of Contact/Motivation, Detoxification (Entgiftungsphase), Weaning (Entwöhnung), and Aftercare/Rehabilitation.

Social-hygiene measures

Preventative educational strategies focused on role models and strengthening children's personalities to promote drug-free problem-solving.