martin et al (1995)

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8 Terms

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aim

investigate how preschool-aged children use gender-based reasoning when evaluating toy preferences for themselves and others

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sample

22 children, equal boys and girls, mean age five

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method

experiment

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procedure

  • evaluated 10 novel toys which were carefully selected for unfamiliarity and gender neutrality

  • placed on table, how to use demonstrated, child had 30 seconds to play with it

    rated out of 4:

  • how much they liked it

  • how much same-sex peers would like it

  • how much other-sex peers would like it

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results

consistently rated same sex peer’s preferences more similarly to their own than they did for other sex

  • liked toy mean 3.34, same gender mean 3.26, opposite gender mean 2.21

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conclusion

suggest that children predicts others’ liking of toys using gender-centric patterns. children matched their predictions about others’ liking of toys to sex of the person and their own liking of the toy

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strengths

  • use of novel toys to control for prior exposure

  • clear support for gender schema within a cognitive developmental framework

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limitations

  • lacked socioeconomic and cultural diversity - findings may not generalise to non-western and less rigidly gendered cultures

  • the rating scale, while child-friendly, may lack precision compared to behavioural observation