UNit 3 chemistry cc

Periodicity

Periodicity refers to the repeating patterns of chemical and physical properties of elements across the periodic table.

Group

A group is a vertical column in the periodic table that contains elements with similar chemical properties.

Period

A period is a horizontal row in the periodic table where elements have the same number of electron shells.

Metal

Metals are elements that are typically shiny, conductive, and malleable.

Non-metal

Non-metals are elements that are generally dull and poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Metalloid

Metalloids are elements that have properties of both metals and non-metals.

Alkali metals

Alkali metals are the highly reactive elements found in Group 1 of the periodic table.

Alkaline Earth metals

Alkaline Earth metals are the elements in Group 2 of the periodic table, known for their reactivity and metallic properties.

Transition metals

Transition metals are elements found in groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table, characterized by their ability to form various oxidation states.

Halogens

Halogens are the elements in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for their high reactivity and tendency to form salts.

Noble gases

Noble gases are the inert elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, known for their lack of reactivity.

Lanthanides

Lanthanides are a series of 15 metallic elements from atomic numbers 57 to 71, known for their rare earth properties.

Actinides

Actinides are a series of 15 elements from atomic numbers 89 to 103, many of which are radioactive.

Coulomb’s law

Coulomb’s law describes the electrostatic interaction between electrically charged particles.

Atomic radius

Atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost shell of electrons.

Electronegativity

Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Ionization energy

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase.

Binding energy

Binding energy is the energy required to separate protons and neutrons inside an atomic nucleus.

Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES)

Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a technique used to measure the energy of electrons emitted from atoms or molecules.