part 2 ct todsue

Vitamin c deficiency is called and due to lead to

Scurvy defective collagen synthesis bleeding gum loss of teeth and unheralded wind

Keloid

Local swelling bcs of normal healing lead to increase deposition

Umc origin site

-In embryo: stem cell -In adult: -a) In bone marrow : form blood cells -b) Around blood vessels : form pericyte

Lm

-small branched cell -pale basophilic cytoplasm -central large oval pale nucleus with visible nucleoli

Em And function

Can differentiate into many types

EM

-Many free ribosomes -few other organelles

Pericyte origin site

Umc around blood vessel

Lm

Branched large process Branched with long processes

• pale basophilic cytoplasm

• central large oval pale nucleus with visible nucleoli

Em function

• Many free ribosomes

• few other organelles

• Network of actin and myosin

1) in injury:

can differentiate into:

• smooth muscle cells

• Endothelial cells

• Fibroblasts

2) By contraction: vasoconstriction

Fibroblast origin and site

Umc and pericyte most common

active vs inactive lm

Long process printed small spindle with few process large oval pale small dark deep baso pale baso

Em

protein synthesizing cell: - well developed (rER, golgi) - many mitochondria - Euchromatic nucleus Few hetero

Function

Active

Synthesis of ct fiber growing factor ground substances healing and repairs after injury in injury activate slow turnover of extracelullad component to b active

Adipose site original

site

In White adipose connective tissue

In Brown adipose connective tissue

Origin umc

Lm

large, oval cell - peripheral flattened nucleus -fat is stored as one large droplet (containing dissolved carotenoids) - by HE: signet ring appearance* -special stain: sudan III : orange

- smaller cell - eccentric, round nucleus - fat is present as multiple small droplets - no signet ring appearance - pigmented brown color

Em and function

EM	- more sER - Large singlet fat droplet - Few mitochondria	- less sER - multiple small fat droplets - many mitochondria: rich in cytochrome oxidase
Functions	-synthesis and storage of fat -support of organs such as kidney -heat insulation - endocrine function: Secrete leptin hormone: A) inhibits food intake B) stimulates metabolic rate, C) loss of body weight	Thermogenesis: - Breakdown of fat to release heat via *thermogenin protein found in their mitochondria

Macrophages site and origin

Monocyte :

• in C.T, lymphoid tissue

• bone marrow, brain ,liver, lung

Lm and em

• large, irregular shaped

• pale basophilic granular cytoplasn

• Eccentric, dark kidney shaped nucleus

• special stains:

• vital stain: trypan blue or Indian in

• stained granules are phagocytosed by cell

• cell membrane show pseudopodia

• rich in lysosome, residual bodies

• prominent golgi, fewer rER

• heterochromatic nuclei

Function

1. destruction of RBCs in liver, spleen

2. phagocytosis of foreign body

3. form multi nucleated giant cell by fusion to engulf large particles

4. antigen presenting cell to t-lymphocyte

Reticular cell printing site em lm job

Reticular cell

UMCS

ism

ink

• stroma of glands and organs as:

• spleen, lymph node

• endocrine gland

• small stellate with many long thin processes

• pale basophilic cytoplasm

• central pale round nucleus

• variable amount of organelles

• processes are joined by cell junctions

1. secretion of reticular fibers

2. supportive network

3. turns phagocytic when stimulated by antigen

4. antigen presenting cell to activate lymphocyte

Monocyte origing site em lm function

• Loose C.T around blood ves

• loose C.T under epithelium lung and digestive tube

• large oval cells

• Pale basophilic cytoplasm

• central spherical pale nucl

• specific stain: stained metachromatically

(purple or red) bytoludine!

protein synthesizing.cell:

• well developed rER, golgi

• many mitochondria

• Euchromatic nucleus

• electron dense granules

It carries receptors for lgE

- responsible for secretion of

1. heparin: anticoagulant

2. histamine: vasodilatation &increase permeability

3. leukotrienes: smooth mus contraction in bronchial tree bronchial asthma

4. Eosinophil chemotactic fa :Attracts eosinophil to site o

Plasma

B-lymphocyte* into plasma blast into plasma

Numerous in lymphoid tissue

• Large oval cells

• deep basophilic;with negative golgi image

• Eccentric spherical nucleus containing heterochromatin alternating with euchromatin: cart wheel

or clock-face

* protein synthesizing cell:

• well developed rER, golgi

• many mitochondria

• Euchromatic nucleus

• no secretory granules

Synthesis and secretion of antibodies