Jarvis Health Assessment - Chapters 1, 3, & 4 Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards generated from Module 1 Chapters 1, 3, and 4 covering Health History Interviewing, Assessment Techniques, Standard Precautions, General Survey, and Vital Signs.

Subjective Data

Information collected during the health history interview that consists of what the client or caregiver says about their health.

Objective Data

Health assessment data obtained directly by the examiner through physical examination, vital signs, and diagnostic tests.

Open-Ended Questions

Interview questions that ask for narrative information in general terms, used to begin interviews, introduce new sections, or start new topics.

Closed or Direct Questions

Interview questions that ask for specific facts and elicit a one- or two-word answer, a 'yes' or 'no,' or a forced choice.

Facilitation

An interview response (such as 'mm-hmm' or 'go on') or nonverbal gesture that encourages the client to continue speaking.

Reflection

An interview response that echoes or repeats part of the client's own words to focus further attention on a specific phrase.

Empathy

An interview response that recognizes a feeling, puts it into words, and allows the client to express it openly.

Clarification

An interview response used when the client's word choice is ambiguous or confusing to confirm meaning.

Confrontation

An interview response where the examiner focuses the client's attention on an observed action, feeling, statement, discrepancy, or affect.

Interpretation

An interview response based on examiner inference or conclusion that links events, makes associations, or implies cause.

Distancing

An interviewing trap involving the use of impersonal speech to put space between a threat and oneself.

PQRSTU Mnemonic

A history of present illness assessment framework covering Provocative/palliative, Quality/quantity, Region/radiation, Severity scale, Timing, and Understanding client perception.

OLD CARTS Mnemonic

A mnemonic used to evaluate symptoms standing for Onset, Location, Duration, Character, Aggravating factors, Relieving factors, Timing, and Severity.

Genogram

A standardized family tree diagram used to display health status, age, or cause of death of blood relatives across generations.

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

Basic self-care capabilities, including bathing, dressing, toileting, and eating.

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)

Functional tasks required for independent living, such as housekeeping, shopping, and cooking.

Inspection

A physical assessment technique consisting of close, careful scrutiny of the individual that begins the moment you first meet.

Palpation

An assessment technique using sense of touch to evaluate texture, temperature, moisture, organ location/size, swelling, vibration, rigidity, crepitation, lumps, or tenderness.

Percussion

Tapping body parts with fingers, fists, or small instruments to vibrate underlying tissues to assess location, size, and density of organs.

Resonant

A clear, hollow percussion sound typical over normal lung tissue.

Tympany

A musical and drumlike percussion sound heard over an air-filled viscus such as the stomach or intestine.

Dull

A muffled thud percussion sound produced over dense organs such as the liver or spleen.

Auscultation

The technique of listening to sounds produced by the body, typically using a stethoscope.

Bell (Stethoscope)

The endpiece of a stethoscope used for soft, low-pitched sounds such as heart murmurs and bruits.

Diaphragm (Stethoscope)

The flat endpiece of a stethoscope used for high-pitched sounds such as lung, bowel, and normal heart sounds.

Standard Precautions

Infection control principles based on the premise that all blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions (except sweat), nonintact skin, and mucous membranes may contain transmissible infectious agents.

General Survey

An observational assessment of the whole person starting at the first encounter, covering physical appearance, body structure, mobility, and behavior.

Pyrexia

A body temperature reading of $100.4^\text{o}\text{F}$ or greater.

Tachycardia

An elevated resting pulse rate in adults greater than $100\text{ bpm}$.

Bradycardia

A slow resting pulse rate in adults less than $60\text{ bpm}$.

Tachypnea

An abnormally rapid respiratory rate greater than $20\text{ breaths/min}$.

Bradypnea

An abnormally slow respiratory rate less than $12\text{ breaths/min}$.

Cheyne-Stokes

An abnormal respiratory pattern featuring an irregular rate and depth that follows a cyclical pattern.

Kussmaul's Respirations

An abnormal respiratory pattern characterized by an increased rate, regular pattern, and excessively deep breaths.

Systolic Pressure

The maximum pressure exerted on the artery during left ventricular contraction.

Diastolic Pressure

The elastic recoil or resting pressure that blood constantly exerts between heart contractions.

Pulse Pressure

The numerical difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings, reflecting stroke volume.

Orthostatic Hypotension

A drop in systolic blood pressure of more than $20\text{ mm Hg}$ occurring with a quick change to a standing position.