Unit 7 APHUG

What is Agribusiness?

Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.

What started the Agricultural Revolution?

The process began when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering.

What does Agriculture refer to?

The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth’s surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.

What is Aquaculture/Aquafarming?

The cultivation of seafood/aquatic creatures under controlled conditions.

What was the Columbian Exchange?

The transfer of plants and animals, as well as people, culture, and technology, between the Western Hemisphere and Europe, as a result of European colonization and trade.

What is Commercial agriculture?

Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.

What is Commercial (or Market) Gardening and Fruit Farming?

Relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables, and other horticulture.

What is Crop rotation?

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil.

What is a Dairy farm?

A form of commercial agriculture that specializes in the production of milk and other dairy products.

What is Desertification?

Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.

What is Double cropping?

Harvesting twice a year from the same field.

What does Fishing involve?

The capture of wild fish and other seafood living in the waters.

What is Food security?

Physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.

What is a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)?

A living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology.

What was the Green Revolution?

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high yield seeds and fertilizers.

What is Intensive Subsistence Agriculture?

A form of subsistence agriculture characteristic of Asia’s major population concentrations where farmers must expend a large effort to produce maximum yield from a parcel of land.

What is a Milkshed?

The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.

What is Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming?

Commercial farming characterized by integration of crops and livestock; most crops are fed to animals rather than consumed directly by humans.

What describes Pastoral Nomadism?

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.

What is a Plantation?

A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale.

What is Ranching?

A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.

What was the Second Agricultural Revolution?

An increase in agricultural productivity through improvement of crop rotation and breeding of livestock, beginning in the UK in the 17th century.

What is Shifting Cultivation?

A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a few years and left fallow for a long period.

What is Subsistence Agriculture?

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer’s family.

What does Transhumance refer to?

Seasonal migration of livestock between mountain and lowland pasture areas.

What is Truck Farming?

Commercial gardening and fruit farming, named for the Middle English word meaning 'barter' or 'exchange of commodities.'