Computer Science

Which component executes instructions and performs every calculation?

CPU

Which type of memory is volatile (erased whenever the power is turned off)?

RAM

What is non volatile storage?

Storage that saves data when a device is powered off

What connects all the components of a computer so they can communicate with each other?

Motherboard

What converts wall AC power into the voltages the components actually need?

Power supply unit (PSU)

Which component is a specialized processir for graphics and parallel calculations?

GPU

What is firmware?

Software stored on a chip that starts the computer

What is an example of hardware?

Monitor

What is an example of software?

Operating system (OS)

Convert binary 1101 to decimal

13

Convert decimal 42 to binary

42

Convert hexadecimal 2F to decimal

47

How many bits make up for one hexadecimal digit (a”nybble”)?

4

Why do computers represent all data using binary (base 2)?

A transistor naturally has exactly two reliable states: on and off

What is a kilobyte, exactly?

1024 bytes

According to Moore’s Law, about how often does the number of transistors on a chip double?

About every 2 years

In an AND gate’s truth table, which pair of inputs produces an output of one?

1,1

Which gate outputs 1 when at least one of its inputs is 1?

OR

Which gate’s output is 1 only when its two inputs are different from each other?

XOR

A truth table for circuit with 3 inputs has how many rows?

8

A NAND gate is built from which combination of gates?

AND, then NOT

According to De Morgan’stheorem, NOT(A AND B) is equivalent to:

(NOT A) OR (NOT B)Whic

What is the correct order of the four-step cycle the CPU repeats billions of times per second?

Fetch, Decode, Execute, Store

Which subfield of computer science focuses on protecting systems, data, and the people who use them?

Cybersecurity