Introduction to Globalization Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards generated from lecture notes covering key definitions, historical periods, scholars, philosophical perspectives, and dimensions of globalization.

Globalization

The expansion and intensification of social relation and social consciousness across world-time and world space, linking distant localities and creating interdependence among nations.

Globalism

An ideology that pushes for free markets and neoliberal policies, distinguished by Manfred Steger from the actual process of globalization.

Frederick Copleston

A British Jesuit priest, philosopher, and historian who categorized historical periods based on the prominent ideologies and beliefs present during specific times.

Cosmocentric Period

Also known as the ancient period ($600\text{ BCE}$ to $500\text{ CE}$), in which beliefs were anchored on cosmology and scholars focused on understanding the composition and realities of the world and universe.

Theocentric Period

Also known as the medieval period ($500\text{ CE}$ to $1400\text{ CE}$), characterized by an emphasis on the religious, ecclesiastical, and Godly, with the Church holding power.

Anthropocentric Period

Also known as the modern period ($1600\text{ CE}$ to $1800\text{ CE}$), during which the prevalent ideology shifted from the Church toward human existence and the human person.

Sociocentric Period

Also known as the contemporary period ($1850\text{ CE}$ to Present), where power operates in how society functions and a dynamic, evolving society shapes the world.

John Maynard Keynes

The economist who posited that the era of globalization began approximately in 1870.

Expansion (in Globalization)

According to Manfred Steger, the stretching and widening of social relations, activities, and interdependencies between and among countries beyond their territorial borders.

Intensification (in Globalization)

The accelerating, strengthening, and deepening of social exchanges, activities, and worldwide social relations between and among nations.

Anthony Giddens

An English sociologist who noted that the intensification of worldwide social relations means faraway events shape local happenings and vice versa.

Social Consciousness

Public awareness of growing social interdependence among nations and the individual imagination of human consciousness that alters personal and collective identities.

Roland Robertson

A sociologist who noted that globalization's processes involve the individual's imagination of human consciousness.

Y.A. Edu-Bekoe

A theologian who stated that awareness of geographical boundaries and borders fosters a keen sense of belongingness in global society.

World Time

The temporal aspect of globalization signifying shared real-time connections occurring 24 hours a day and seven days a week across the globe.

James Mittelman

A political economist who noted that globalization compresses the time and space aspects of social relations.

World Space

The location aspect where globalization happens, occurring specifically in open nations that have established relationships with other nations.

Cosmopolitanism

A philosophical perspective championed by thinkers like Martha Nussbaum and Kwame Anthony Appiah suggesting that globalization offers an opportunity to transcend national borders to build an inclusive global community guided by justice, equality, and mutual respect.

Liberalism (in Globalization)

A perspective rooted in philosophers like Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill positing that globalization is a positive force promoting economic growth, individual freedoms, and democratic governance through free markets and international cooperation.

Marxism (in Globalization)

A critical view associated with Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels arguing that globalization is a form of capitalist expansion that exacerbates inequalities, exploits labor across borders, and concentrates wealth and power.

Postmodernism (in Globalization)

A philosophical lens associated with Jean-Francois Lyotard and Michel Foucault that challenges grand narratives of progress and warns against cultural homogenization and the erosion of local identities.

Postcolonialism (in Globalization)

A lens advocated by thinkers like Edward Said and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak highlighting how globalization can perpetuate neocolonial practices and Western economic and cultural domination.

Economic Globalization

The intensification and stretching of economic interrelations across the globe through cross-border trade, capital flows, transnational corporations, and international financial institutions like the IMF and World Bank.

Political Globalization

The expansion of political interrelations across the globe that raises issues regarding national sovereignty, intergovernmental organizations like the United Nations, and political action operating beyond the nation-state.