classics paper 1

Pandora context (3)

-Greece
-Written by Hesiod
-First woman

Pandoras gifts (4)

-aphrodite :charm
-Hephaestus: goddess looks
-Athena:handy craft
-Hermes: cunning

What is the only thing left in the pithos after Pandora let all the evils escape?

Hope

Who was Pandora taken in by?

Epimetheus

Hellen in Iliad (5)

- Greek
- Written by Homer
- She is admired by her beauty "like an immortal goddess"
- She is unwanted in troy because her beauty is problematic
- She regrets leaving her family

Helens actual husband (2)

Meneleaus
King of Sparta

Helen left for

Paris

Who Is Priam

Helens father in law

Helen in Euripides

- Written by Euripedes
- She is presented as someone who had no control over her whole life
- She blames herself for the trojan war
- She fled to Egypt
- She is struggling to protect her virginity from the king of Egypt, Proteus

Sabine women

- Rome
- Written by Livy
- Romulus ordered the Sabine women to be kidnapped
- They were fickle and soon fell for their new husbands

How did the Sabine women stop the battle between the Romans and the Sabines?

They moved the arguing men so much by risking there lives to tell them to stop fighting

Tarpeia (3)

- Written by Livy
- Rome
- Daughter of general Spurius Tarpeius

Tarpeia story

Tarpeia said she would let the Sabines into Rome if they gave her their jewelry but instead they crushed her to death with their shields

Alternate Tarpeia

Asked for their shields instead of jewellery

Lucretia context (3)

- Rome
- Written by Livy
- Upper-class woman

Lucretia respect

- She died by a dagger which was the manly way to die instead of poison which was more common for women

What was the name of Lucretia husband?

Collantinus

Who was Hellen the daughter of

Zeus and Leda

What was Helen renowned for (2)

-beauty
-Demi-god

What did Tyndareus do?

Evoked the oath all of Helen’s suitors took

Who was Romulus

The first king of Rome

Who was the Sabine king

Titus

Who was sextus Tarquinius superbus

Raped Lucretia
Prince of Rome

Lucretia story (4)

-most virtuous
-got raped
-asked for justice
-killed herself

What did the poet Ovid say about Lucretia

She was a matrona with manly values

How much control did the Kyrios have over his daughters?

Full control until marriage

Athens had no...

State education system

Young Athenian girls would usually be educated...

at home by their mother

Athenian girls would be taught to...(4):

- Spin wool
- manage house hold finances
- weave
- cook

Why were dowries important in Athens?(2):

- Incentive for men not to leave the marriage
- To support the new family

Who were roman women under the control of?

The paterfamilias

During the roman naming ceremonies the family would...[3]:

- Make offerings
- Have a party for family and friends
- Give the child gifts and a Bulla

What is a Bulla used for?

To ward off evil spirits

When would the child give up the Bulla?

When the child entered adulthood

Romans girls would be taught...(3):

- Reading
- Writing
- Arithmetic

What were Roman teachers called?

Literators

What was odd about the spartan militaristic system?

- It was heavily reliant on women

Spartan girls engaged in physical training so that they could...

- Withstand childbirth

Who is Lycourgos?

A legendary law maker that established spartan way of life

The first female winner of the Olympic games was...

A spartan named Cynisca

Differences to Athenian and Spartan women(4):

- Spartans were not only baby makers
- Spartans could buy land
- Spartans could talk politics
- Spartans could chose who they wanted to marry

Why was Cynisca famous? (2):

- She was a spartan legend
- She owned a champion chariot team

Spartan society was the only Greek society that...

provided an education system for girls

What was a Spartan woman's most important role?

To produce healthy sons to be good warriors

Spartan women did not do...(3):

- House work
- Spinning
- Weaving

An essential role for a Spartan woman was to... [2]:

- Install Spartan values on their children
- Send her child of to the Agoge at the age of 7

How were Spartan women portrayed?(3):

- Athletic
- Opinionated
- Bossy

Why do Spartan women not need to weave?

Women had to focus on physical strength to birth a healthy child

How did Lycourgos encourage healthy children?

He made it so that men could not choose a woman at any time they had to wait until the woman was more mature

Spartan women were free to..

Leave the house unescorted

Restrictions Spartan women had to bare[2]:

- They had to send their sons away to the agoge
- If their husbands asked them to have sex with another man they had to do it

Spartan women used to say...

‘Son, either with your shield or on it”

What was said to be the greatest glory an Athenian kyria could achieve?

avoiding criticism

The most important duty of an Athenian Kyria was...

producing a male son

What were unmarried girls referred as in Athens?

Parthenos

The Kyria would not be allowed to leave the house without...

a male escort

A kyria had to...[3]:

- Manage the house hold slaves
- train the new slaves
- Oversee production of textiles

What is a Gyne?

A kyria who has had a child and has been wed

Why was it important that the Kyria produced male heirs?

So that the heir can carry the name of the house hold

Wives in Athens were expected to be...

absolutely faithful to their husbands

Athenian female domestic slaves(5):

- Prostitutes or domestic slaves
- They were allowed to go out in public to run errands for the Kyria
- They would answer the doors
- Look after children
- Collect water

The Spartans believed that...

the slaves should do the domestic tasks

Spartan women were responsible for managing...

the family's kleros(farm)

Once a Roman girl is married she is called a...

Matrona

What would a roman woman be called if she married the paterfamilias?

A Materfamilias

Materfamilias had authority over(3);

- Slaves
- Children
- Dependent unmarried women of the household

Matronas in poor families would...(4):

- Cook
- Clean
- spinning and weaving
- look after children

A Matrona in a wealthy family would...(3):

- oversee the slaves
- read books
- keep up with politics

How did Female domestic slaves help to ensure the smooth running of an Athenian household?

By helping the kyria

The quality of life of a female slave depended on...

The temperament of their masters

Spartan Marriage match making customs(4):

- Young men and women would have plenty of opportunities to interact
- There was no dowry
- Main purpose was to produce children
- Spartan girls married later than in Athens

Athenian marriage customs(4):

- They were arranged by the kyrios as soon as the bride reached puberty
- Marriages were handled like business deals
- They would swear a solemn oath in front of witnesses
- Relationships must be beneficial for both families

Athenian wedding ceremony day one(2):

- Day one would be a feast between the bride and her female friends
- Bride would make sacrifices to Artemis; a lock of hair and childhood toys

How long are Athenian weddings?

3 days

Athenian wedding ceremony day two(5):

- Ritual bath for bride
- After she would dress in the fines clothes and jewellery
- Kyrios would host a wedding feast
- After there is a torch light procession
- Bride is dragged away from her mother by groom

Athenian wedding ceremony day three(3):

- Bride's female attendants will be outside the room
- Singing of wedding songs
- Gifts given

Greek and Roman marriages were rarely...

based on love

What were the purposes of roman marriages?(3):

- Solidifying businesses
- Improving the social standing
- Financial gain due to dowrys

Roman Cum Manu weddings(2):

- The woman could inherit property from her husband
- She would be adopted into the husband's family

Roman Sine Manu weddings(4):

- More common
- Women would inherit from their blood family
- Money would stay in immediate family
- Do not require a dowry

Children in Cum Manu marriages:

Belong to the same family as their mother and father

Children in Sine Manu marriages:

Belong to only the father's family

Why were Athenian adultery laws so severe?

So the legitimacy of the heir could not be questioned

From the moment both roman families agree on the dowry...

The couple is considered married

What were the 2 types of Greek prostitutes?

- Hetairai
- Pornai

In Greece there was no...

stigma attached to males visting prostitutes

Greek laws did not consider ... to be adulterous

sex with registered prostitutes

Pornai(4):

- General prostitutes that worked at brothels
- Viewed negatively
- They advertised on the streets
- The money went to their masters

Hetairai(4):

- They were free women
- They could buy and sell land
- Were educated
- had talents like music,dancing poetry

Similarities between pornai and Hetairai(3):

- Sex for money
- Male clients
- Both legal

What was the name of Pericles' hetairai mistress?

Aspasia

Why were the hetairai educated?(2):

- To engage in witty banter
- To please men in any way

How was prostitution seen in Rome?

It was a shameful profession [infamia]

What is a Meretrix?

A roman female prostitute

What did a meretrix wear?

A toga

Prostitution carries the statue...

infamis

Why were prostitutes infamis?

because someone else was controlling their bodies

What can we tell about Clodia based on her depiction by Ciero and catallus?[5]:

- She is very sexually active
- She is immodest
- She is primiscuous
- " She has made a habbit of attending banquets of men she does not know"
- "She established herself in the life of a harlot"

Name other professions that were seen as 'Infamis'[2]:

- Gladiators
- Actors

Porne brothels [3]:

- Were often in slum areas
- Unpleaseant
- Unhygeinic