period 2 (1607-1754)

Vocabulary flashcards about European Conflicts and Colonial Relations in the Americas.

Assimilation

Process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas. Where they forced Some Group of ppl to Christianity

Salutary Neglect

British policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies as long as the colonies remained loyal to the government and contributed to the economic growth of Britain. Coined by Edmund Burke

Mercantilism

Economic policy where colonies exist to make money for the mother country. Colonies resisted this by smuggling

Covert Resistance

Secret or hidden forms of resistance, such as working slowly.

Overt Resistance

Open or public forms of resistance, like running away and breaking tools.

Nullify

To cancel or repeal a law or act.

Shay's Rebellion

Uprising in Massachusetts in 178

Spanish goals (expansion)

Mainly for Money, tight control, sought to control natives and gain gold (INTERMARRIED)

Dutch and French

Sent fewer settlers, established trade alliances with natives, often intermarried traded furs(beaver) huge on trade

English

Colonies heavily relied on agriculture (tobacco -Chesapeake), many men and women Populated colonies, often hostile relationships with natives (sent more people than Spanish and French)

Rigid social society

Where you were socially wise you would remain there (British colonies)~ kinda like how in gilded age rich gif richer poor remained poor

Middle passage

refers to the forced voyage of ensaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas as part of the Transatlantic Slave Trade.

Triangular trade route

European traders exchanging goods for enslaved people in Africa, then transporting them across the Atlantic (the Middle Passage) to the Americas, where they were sold into labor systems

Emergence of The Atlantic slave trade was caused by

Racial superiority, lack of indentured servants( post vacant rebellion in 1676), natives were harder to enslave and the European demands for goods

Impacts of African slavery

Desire for more land(led to conflicts with indian) Africans used covert and overt forms of resistance like working slowly, breaking tools and running away

Puritans(New England)~Boston Massachusetts and sanaport

Sought to establish a like minded homogeneous community, mixed economy- agricultural and trade and often had longer life expectancy and families

Middle colonies (Pennsylvania founded by William Penn)

Religiously,ethnically, and demographically diverse focused on growing crops like grains and wheat

Southern (Chesapeake~Maryland and Virginia)

Tobacco and labor intensive; relied on indentured servants later slaves(post bacons rebellions)

Atlantic seaboard~ South Carolina and West Indies

Had long growing seasons and used an excessive amount of slavery; staples crops like rice and sugar; slaves made up most of population

Goods valued in Europe

Tobacco and fur

Colonists having different goals than European leaders

Helped promote mistrust and colonists were upset over territorial settlement, frontier defense(weren’t protected in frontier)

Pueblos revolt (1680)

Spanish wanted surprise natives practices inconsistent with Christianity, natives revolted,expelled the Spanish for over 10 years, later Spanish regained control but advocated the religious assimilation of natives being more accommodating to natives after this

House of burgesses

the first democratically elected legislative body in colonial America, specifically within the Virginia colony. It consisted of elected representatives from each county and played a significant role in the development of representative government in the colonies

Cash crops

Corn, indigo, tobacco ,grain, Cotton, sugar cane

Order of colonization of colonies (13)

Virginia (1607), Massachusetts (1620), New Hampshire (1623), Maryland (1632-1634), Connecticut (1636), Rhode Island (1636), Delaware (1638), North Carolina (1663), South Carolina (1663), New York (1664), New Jersey (1665), Pennsylvania (1681), and Georgia (1732). 

Native American warfare

Became more destructive due to deadlier weapons and alcohol

Impacts of exchanged on both America

Exchange of European and new work goods increased significantly things like slaves,tobacco and rice, angelicization of British colonies include by then transatlantic print culture, protestant evangelism, enlightment (John Locke)

Enlightenment

an 18th-century intellectual movement emphasizing reason, science, and individual liberty over traditional authority and superstition. It challenged established norms and sparked revolutions and reform movements.(Idea of what government should be)

Protestant evangelism

a religious movement within Protestant Christianity that emphasizes personal conversion experiences, emotional worship, and the direct application of the Bible to daily life, as well as active evangelism. It's a hallmark of the Second Great Awakening and has continued to be a significant force in American religious life. 

Religious independence and diversity led to

Less importance of Anglican Church(power of king decrease in this time) perceived corruption in British imperial system

Along the American northwest,

American Indians in this area had a combination of permanent settlements and hunter-gather lifestyles.

tribes followed the herds of buffalo and lived a nomadic lifestyle.

the Great Plains

Pueblo people

Lived in present day Mexico and Arizona sedentary population (didn't move) maize farmers like southwest tribes

Who controlled largest amount of territory in the new world In this era

The Spanish

Colonies in new England were organized around

Farming communities

Colonies in the south were based around

Cash crops and an export economy

Who gradually lost control of most of American colonies during this period leading to British control of almost all territory along Atlantic coast

French and Dutch

First great awakening (1744 begins with Jonathon Edward’s fiery sermons) United colonies

Religious movement that promoted emotional, evangelical, Protestantism, often through “ fire and brimstone” sermons (threatened nonbelievers with after death suffering) and camp meetings( during this time economy was not united)

when was the first English colony in the new world is founded at Jamestown

1607

When did the pilgrims sign the mayflower compact before settling settling in Plymouth colony

1620

Anne Hutchinson is banished from Massachusetts for organizing religious meetings for women

1637

When did New England colonists become n gave in a brutal war of attrition with the leader of Wampanoag that came to be known as “king Philip’s war”

1675

Eighteen men and women are found guilty in the Salem witch trails (Massachusetts)

1692

Boston masacre (1770)

Sassy colonist disturbing soldiers located in Massachusetts and soldiers got mad the more people got involved and then soldiers started shorting 5 people died