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Flashcards about Nanotechnology and Climate Change
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Involves the study and use of extremely small substances, often called nanoparticles.
What is Nanotechnology?
Comes from the Greek word which means ‘dwarf’.
What does 'nano' mean?
0.000 000 001 metre (or 10-9 m), one millionth of a millimetre.
How small is a nanometer?
ash, waterways, fine sand and dust, biological matter like viruses, stain removers, degreasers ,and air filters and purifiers
Where can Nanoparticles be found?
Egyptians used ink containing nanoparticles of black pigment.
Give an example of how Egyptians utilized nanotechnology:
Nanoparticles of lead sulfide were used by the Romans to dye their hair black.
How did the Romans utilize nanotechnology?
Insects and lizards stick to walls, spiders’ webs, butterflies’ wings, chloroplasts in plant cells.
Give some examples of nanoparticles in nature:
Who first suggested the idea of nanotechnology?
Richard Feynman, in 1959.
In 1974 by Norio Taniguchi.
When was the term 'nanotechnology' first used?
Scanning tunnelling microscope (STM), invented in 1981.
What device allowed scientists to see the nano-world?
Movement, appearance, surface area.
List some properties of nanotechnology:
They affect nanoparticles more because of their small size.
How do forces affect nanoparticles?
Red and blue.
What color do gold nanoparticles appear in solution?
Nanoparticles are able to react more quickly.
How does the surface area of nanoparticles affect reactions?
Sunscreen, Plasters and bandages ,and athletes' socks.
Give some examples of how nanoparticles are used in health:
Fabrics with nano-coatings and self-cleaning windows.
Give some examples of how nanoparticles are used in cleaning:
Different structural forms of the element carbon.
What are fullerenes?
Black solid, insoluble in water, strong and hard but elastic.
What are the physical properties of buckminsterfullerene?
Used as cages to trap atoms, coated with other atoms, joined together to make bigger fullerene structures.
What are the chemical properties of buckminsterfullerene?
The brand name for polytetrafluoroethene, a carbon-fluorine polymer.
What is Teflon?
C70 molecules, Buckybabies, Fuzzyballs, Giant fullerenes.
Give examples of other types of fullerenes:
Non-stick coatings, cages to hold drug molecules, molecular sieves, chemical sponges.
Give some examples of uses of fullerenes:
Tubes of carbon hexagons, like sheets of graphite rolled into cylinders.
What are nanotubes?
Very high tensile strength, unique electrical properties, good heat conductance.
List some properties of nanotubes:
Thinner TV screens, smaller optical fibres, strong fabrics, stronger building materials, smaller circuits.
Give some examples of uses of nanotubes:
Nano-coatings on hip replacements, nano-electronic implants in retinas, nano-capsules of drugs, nano-scaffolds, nano-sensors.
Give some examples of future uses of nanoparticles in medicine:
Nano-scale microchips, nano-scale solar cells, nano-size containers to store hydrogen, paints and glues, composite materials.
Give some examples of other future uses of nanoparticles:
Self-replicating nano-robots consume the atoms of the world as they replicate, eventually turning everything into a “grey goo”.
What is the 'grey goo' scenario?
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere
What are the layers of the atmosphere?
Starts at the Earth's surface and extends 8 to 14.5 kilometers high, the densest part of the atmosphere where almost all weather occurs.
What is the troposphere?
Starts just above the troposphere and extends to 50 kilometers high, contains the ozone layer.
What is the stratosphere?
Starts just above the mesosphere and extends to 600 kilometers high, where aurora and satellites occur.
What is the thermosphere?
The upper limit of our atmosphere, extends from the top of the thermosphere up to 10,000 km.
What is the exosphere?
Carbon dioxide (CO2), Water Vapor (H20), Methane (CH4), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Ozone (O3), Nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, N2O)
What variable components can be found the Earth's atmosphere?
The average weather conditions over a long period of time, typically 30 years.
What is climate?
What is the greenhouse effect?
The natural trapping of heat in the troposphere.
Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius in 1896.
Who first proposed the greenhouse effect?
Carbon dioxide, Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane, Nitrous oxide.
Name four greenhouse gases:
The increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation.
What is global warming?
Changes in food production, change in the makeup and location of many world's forests, massive wild fires, reduction in biodiversity, rise in sea level, weather extremes, threats to human health, drought, lead to a growing number of environment refugees.
What are possible effects of a warmed world?
Developed countries committed themselves to reducing their emission of CO, and other greenhouse gases.
What commitment nations made back in 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro?
A change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended time.
What is climate change?
Global temperature rise, shrinking ice sheets, accelerated sea level rise, more intense heat waves, water acidification and extreme events.
List some effects of climate change:
One manifestation of climate change
What is global warming?
A call to action to end poverty and inequality, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy health, justice and prosperity.
What are the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
17 goals, 169 targets and 232 unique indicators
How many goals, targets and indicators are in the SDGs?
No poverty, zero hunger, good health and well-being, quality education, gender equality, clean water and sanitation, affordable and clean energy, decent work and econimic growth, reduce inequalities, climate action, life below water
What are 3 of the 17 sustainable development goals?