midterm ss

salon

social gathering where wealthy people met to disncuss things

the encyclopedia

google for old people

denis diderot

Wrote the encyclopedia

englighted despotism

monarch that embraced englightment idea but aslo maintained ability to rule

fredrick 11

religious freedom, reduces censorship, impproves education, reforms justice system, abolishes torture

joesph 11

legal reforms, freedom of press, freedom of religion, abolished serfom(slave, peasants)

catherine the great

religious toleration, abolishes torture and captial punishment (death penalty), supress uprising, never accomplished goals

the glorious revolution

the overthrow of King James II of England

constituation monarchy

monarch iwth limited power and constitution

william and mary

figure heads(lead with no power) dutch, protestants(followers of teh western catholic church)

english bill of rights

freedom of speech, limits monarchs, army, law, taxes,. forbids cruel and unusal punishment

the american revolution

teh colonies became indepedant

the adress of grevieances

the colonies made george 111 aware that he is violating rights

The delcaration of indepednace

documant that anncouned seperation of 13 colonies from great britian

teh u.s constituation

populary sovernight(Rossue) formation of federal government, checks and balances( Montsquie)

constituation democracy

constitution is blue print for givernmnet, governing officals are elected, three branches of government- excutive, judical, legislative

republic

state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representives

direct democracy

population votes ti approve or diapprove laws

the old regime

3 estates- 1,2,3

1st estate

roman cathlic clergy, 1% population

2nd estate

wealthy nobility, 2% population

3rd estate

middle class, 97% population, working class, peasantry

the estates general

meeting of all estates, each estate has 1 vote but 1 and 2 out vote 3 every time

the national assembly

third estate reforms, one person, one vote

the tennis court oath

swear to right a constituation

the batille

fortress in Paris used as a prison

the great fear

general panic that took place at start of french revolution

the guilotine

machine to chop peoples heads off.

the jacobins

radicals, demonaded republic, not a constitutaional monarch

maximillen robespierre

archiect of reign of terror

reign of terror

killed many people with guillotine

Jean-Paul Marat

helped with committee of public saftey

the committe of public saftey

defended nation against reign of terror

the directory

resulted inb legislative branch and excutive branch

napleon

hero of revoultion, general of army, coup d'etat, plebiscite, lycess, condact, napelonic codes, exiled onto island

plebiscite

people approve new constitution, napleon given powers

lycess

governmnet schools

concordat

rejected from national affairs, recongizes church

nepleonic codes

limits speech, press, and restores slavery

defeat and exile

austria, prussia, russia

100 days

Period of time when Napoleon returned to France a year after his exile to Elba

the congress of vienna

confernce to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon.

the gernamic confederation

39 german speaking states as a replacemnet of the former roman empire

conservatives

a person adverse to chnage- traditional values

liberals

supporter of policys that are socially progessives and promote socila welfare

haitian revoultion

overthrow of french regime in haiti

tousiant loverture

haitian general, promint leader of haitian revoultion

jena jacque dessaline

first ruler of an independant haiti under constitution

premisulares

born in spain, hold office, highest class

creoles

born in latin america, cannot hold office, military rank

Simon Bolivar

lead indepedance movement in latin american countrys

jose de san martin

creole, argentina, spanish military threat

augustine de inturbid

mexican army general and politian

Imperialism

when a stronger nation imposes their will on a weaker nation policaly, econmcally, or militarily. It is STRONGER not LARGER

Mercantilism

wealth is limited

colony

country or territoy governed internally by a forgein power

sphere of influence

outside power claims exclusive investmnet or trading privaliages

protecterate

a state that is controlled and protected by another

econmic imperalism

an indepedant but less devolped country that is controlled by a private buisness rather than otehr governmnet

indriect rule

local officals are used, limits self rule, goal is to devolp future leaders

direct rule

foreign offcials, no self rule, goal is assismilation

reasons for colonization

industry (economic) nationalism (polictical) social darwism ( social)

econmic motivation

driven by ind. rev. , need for reasoureces

political motivation

natioinalism, thinks your country is best so it deserves more

social motivation

social darwisim, thinking your colony, culture, is better than others, it deserves more

berlin confernece

rules for divison of sfrica made by qeuropeans without africa

Social Darwinism

thinkibg ur country is better or supior to others

white mans burden

whiet christina europeans felt they had to help natives by assimiltaion, felt it was right for their reigion

assimilation

changing to fit in

belgian congo

belgian colony in centrala africa from 1908 untill independance in 1960

geopolitics

location or territory that amkes something valuebale

sick man of europe

nick name for ottom empire because of theur decline

crimean war

russia vs ottom man empire because russia needs warm water ports, russia looses

Suez Canal

canal in Egypt linking the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea

sepoys

Indian troops who served in the British army

jewle of the crown

nickmae for india bevasue they had good population and reasources

sepy rebellion

sepoys reblled because british used meat they dont eat against them

opium

drug made form poppy plan, only product europe could sell or chinese

balamce of trade

makings sure both countrys get a fair trade

opium wars

war between china and british, britihs devasted becaus ethey havent modernized

treaty of ranking

exterttirtoiallity, hong kong is crushed

Extraterritoriality

teh imperilaist country laws apply but natives dont

Boxer Rebellion

rebellion in Beijing, societly of rightous an dharmous fists

Taiping Rebellion

rebellion against the Qing Dynasty in China, quing dynasty was weakened

isoltaion

blcoking ur self out from teh outside world

Treaty of Kanagawa

opened tarde with american vesels in some japaense ports, formation of u.s consulate in japana

meiji restortaion

moderize japan

the mornee dotorune

tell europe to stay out of western hemipshere

the uss maine

navy ship that expolded

spanish americna war

result of uss maine, splendid little war

pananamian independance

revolted against colunbian governmnet

panama canal

artitfiacla waterway that connects atlantic ocean with apcific and decides nroth and south america

Argicultural Revolution

europe transitioned to more machines and new ways of working

factorys of production

land, labor, capital, entrupurnurship

enclosure movement

private ownership of land and factory jobs

Mechanization

the replacement of human labor with technology or machines.

selective breeding

cultives breeds, gets rid of imprectetions

crop rotation

roattes soil for better crops

consitutional monarchy

monarch rules while indiducivals have rights and freedoms

coal

fuel source