Unit 3 Ultimate Review Packet Flashcards

Flashcards covering vocabulary and concepts from the Unit 3 Ultimate Review Packet video, focusing on populations, both human and natural ecosystems.

Specialist Species

Species that rely on a narrow niche or unique habitat and food requirements.

Generalist Species

Species with a wide range of tolerance for food and habitat, able to adapt to ecosystem disturbances.

R-Strategists (R-selected species)

Species that produce many offspring with little parental care, focusing on quantity over quality; capable of high population growth rates.

K-Strategists (K-selected species)

Species that produce few offspring with high parental care, focusing on quality over quantity; populations near carrying capacity.

Survivorship

The percentage of a population surviving at a given point in their lifespan; categorized into Type I, II, and III curves.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum number of individuals of a species that an ecosystem can support.

Limiting Resources

Resources such as food, water, and shelter that limit the number of individuals in an ecosystem.

Overshoot

When a population exceeds the carrying capacity of its environment.

Die-off/Dieback

A population decline that occurs after a population overshoots its carrying capacity.

Density-Dependent Factors

Factors that limit population growth more strongly as population density increases (e.g., competition and disease).

Density-Independent Factors

Factors that limit population growth regardless of population density (e.g., natural disasters).

Uniform Distribution

A population distribution pattern where individuals are evenly spaced.

Random Distribution

A population distribution pattern where individuals are scattered randomly.

Clumped Distribution

A population distribution pattern where individuals are clustered in groups.

Exponential Growth

Population growth under ideal conditions with unlimited resources, resulting in a J-shaped curve.

Logistic Growth

A more realistic model of population growth that considers limiting factors and approaches a carrying capacity, resulting in an S-shaped curve.

Age Structure Diagrams

Graphs used to visualize the proportion of a population in different age cohorts (pre-reproductive, reproductive, post-reproductive).

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman will have in her lifetime in a given population.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The number of births per 1,000 people in a population.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population.

Rule of 70

A method that divides 70 by the population growth rate to approximate the doubling time in years.

Malthusian Theory

The theory that population will outpace food supply, leading to famine and dieback.

Replacement Level Fertility

The average number of children a woman needs to have to maintain a stable population size.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The total market value of all finished goods and services produced by a country, divided by the number of individuals in that country.

Demographic Transition

The transition of a country from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as it industrializes.