Y8 Separation techniques keywords

Mixture

A substance comprised of two or more substances combined but NOT chemically bonded/joined.

Solvent

A liquid or gas that dissolves a solute.

Solute

The substance that dissolves in a solution (often a solid).

Solution

A mixture of a solute and a solvent.

Soluble

Can dissolve.

Insoluble

Cannot dissolve.

Saturated solution

A solution in which no more solute can dissolve at a particular temperature.

Solubility

A measure of how much solute can dissolve per 100g solvent.

Pure

A substance is Pure if it has no other substances mixed with it.

Evaporation

When a liquid turns into a gas.

Condensation

When a gas turns into a liquid.

Distillation

A separation technique used to separate a mixture of liquids by their boiling points.

Miscible

Capable of being mixed.

Filtration

A separation technique used to separate an insoluble solid from a solution.

Residue

The solid left on the filter after filtration.

Filtrate

The liquid that passes through the filter and is collected.

Element

A substance made up of one type of atom.

Compound

A substance made of two or more elements chemically bonded/joined together.

What type of mixture can be separated by using filtration?

A solvent and an INSOLUBLE solid (e.g. water and sand).

What is the formula for calculating Rf value?

Rf = distance moved by spot ÷ distance moved by solvent front

If a spot/dye moves very far up the paper chromatogram what does this mean about its solubility?

The further the spot moves up the MORE soluble it is