Study Guide: Number Sense

These flashcards cover key concepts and vocabulary from the lecture notes related to number sense, absolute values, equations, and functions.

Absolute Value

The distance between a number and zero on a number line, always resulting in a positive value.

Absolute Value Equation

Equations that include an absolute value expression, leading to two potential solutions based on positive and negative values.

Compound Inequality

An inequality formed by joining two inequalities with 'AND' or 'OR', representing two conditions.

Independent Variable

The variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test its effects on the dependent variable.

Dependent Variable

The variable that is tested and measured in a scientific experiment, dependent on the independent variable.

Function

A relation that assigns exactly one value of the dependent variable to each value of the independent variable.

Rate of Change

The ratio of the change in the value of a dependent variable to the change in the value of an independent variable, also known as slope.

Linear Function

A function that produces a straight line when graphed and can be expressed in the form y = mx + b.

Prime Number

A natural number greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying two smaller natural numbers, having exactly two distinct positive divisors: 1 and itself.

Composite Number

A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime; it has more than two positive divisors.

Divisibility Rules

Rules used to determine whether one number is divisible by another without performing the division.

Scientific Notation

A way of expressing numbers that are too large or too small to be conveniently written in decimal form, using powers of 10.

Exponents

Numbers that show how many times a base is multiplied by itself, represented in the form a^n.

Square Root

A number that produces a specified quantity when multiplied by itself; denoted as √.

Rational Numbers

Numbers that can be expressed as the quotient of two integers, where the denominator is not zero.

Irrational Numbers

Numbers that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction; they are non-repeating and non-terminating decimals.