Vessels + Circulation - Ch 23

Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the ____________ and the tissues of the body.

arteries

veins

capillaries

capillaries and veins

capillaries and arteries

capillaries

As an arterial pathway moves farther from the heart, the arteries:

get smaller

get larger

show no change in their lumen size

get smaller

As a venous pathway moves closer to the heart, the veins:

get smaller

get larger

show now change in their lumen size

get larger

Which are considered end arteries?

epigastric arteries

renal arteries

splenic arteries

epigastric and renal arteries

renal and splenic arteries

renal and splenic arteries

A network of small arteries called the ____________ provides a blood supply to the tunica externa of very large vessels.

vasa vasorum

companion vessels

distributing arteries

fenestrated arteries

thoroughfare channels

vasa vasorum

The ___________ is composed of an endothelium and a subendothelial layer made up of a thin layer of areolar connective tissue.

tunica media

tunica externa

tunica intima

tunica adventitia

none of these answers is correct

tunica intima

The ___________ is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells.

tunica media

tunica externa

tunica intima

tunica interna

none of these answers is correct

tunica media

In arteries, the thickest layer of the wall is the:

tunica media

tunica externa

tunica intima

tunica adventitia

none of these answers is correct

tunica media

Which are found in the capillary wall?

a. endothelium

b. subendothelial layer

c. internal elastic lamina

d. intercellular cleft

e. external elastic lamina

f. basement membrane

a d f

a b d f

a b d e f

b d e f

a d f

In general, as an artery’s diameter decreases, there is a(n):

decrease in the amount of smooth muscle and an increase in the number of elastic fibers

increase in the amount of smooth muscle and a decrease in the number of elastic fibers

increase in both smooth muscle and elastic fibers

decrease in both smooth muscle and elastic fibers

increase in the amount of smooth muscle and a decrease in the number of elastic fibers

The largest arteries of the body are classified as:

muscular arteries

arterioles

elastic arteries

muscular and elastic since they have the same dimensions

elastic arteries

Which is the correct order of artery types for the passage of blood from the heart to the capillaries?

a. elastic arteries

b. arterioles

c. muscular arteries

a b c

a c b

c a b

c b a

b a c

a c b

Vasoconstriction of the arterioles will result in ___________ in blood pressure.

an increase

a decrease

no change

an increase

Which of the artery types contain the internal and external elastic laminae?

elastic arteries

arterioles

muscular arteries

elastic and muscular arteries

elastic arteries and arterioles

muscular arteries

In the elastic arteries, which of the tunics have elastic fibers?

tunica externa

tunica intima

tunica media

tunica media and tunica externa

tunica media, tunica intima, and tunica externa

tunica media, tunica intima, and tunica externa

The systemic veins carry blood that is ____________ oxygen.

low in

high in

absent of any

low in

In general, arterioles have __________ layers of smooth muscle.

fewer than six

more than six

exactly six

no

fewer than six

The function of the postcapillary venule is to:

allow for diffusion of nutrients to the tissues

allow for diffusion of metabolic wastes from the tissues

drain the capillary bed

supply metarteriole with blood

allow for diffusion of nutrients and metabolic wastes

drain the capillary bed

Precapillary sphincters will:

control blood flow into the true capillaries

cause blood to flow directly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule

open when the tissue needs nutrients

close when the tissue’s needs have been met

all of these answers are correct

all of these answers are correct

Sinusoids are found in:

a. bone marrow

b. spleen

c. small intestine

d. kidney

e. liver

f. muscle

g. skin

a b e

b c e f

c d

f g

b c d g

a b e

The most common type of capillaries are:

fenestrated

sinusoids

continuous

venules

discontinuous

continuous

Muscles, skin, the thymus, the lungs, and the CNS contain:

sinusoid capillaries

continuous capillaries

fenestrated capillaries

none of these answers is correct

continuous capillaries

A venule becomes a vein when its diameter is greater than ____ micrometers.

1

10

100

1000

none of these answers is correct

100

Valves in veins:

make the use of a skeletal muscle pump unnecessary for venous blood flow

are the leading cause of high blood pressure

are found only in the largest veins

cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction

are formed of the tunica media

cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction

Blood pressure is lowest in:

arteries

veins

arterioles

venules

capillaries

veins

The force per unit area that blood places on the inside wall of a blood vessel:

is called the pulse

is called the blood pressure

increases the farther the vessel is from the heart

is greater during diastole

is greater in the inferior vena cava than in the common iliac vein

is called the blood pressure

Increased cardiac output ______ the blood pressure.

decreases

increases

will not affect

increases

The end of the aorta occurs when the vessels bifurcates into the:

brachiocephalic artery

subclavian arteries

common iliac arteries

common carotid arteries

common iliac arteries

The artery that bifurcates into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery is the:

brachiocephalic artery

right common iliac artery

right brachial artery

right coronary artery

superior vena cava

brachiocephalic artery

The artery pair that supplies the lower limbs are the:

common carotid arteries

internal iliac arteries

subclavian arteries

external iliac arteries

vertebral arteries

external iliac arteries

The most immediate artery responsible for supplying the teeth, gums, nasal cavity, and meninges is the _____ artery.

superficial temporal

maxillary

lingual

occipital

ascending pharyngeal

maxillary

The artery that will eventually divide to form the posterior cerebral arteries is the _____ artery.

basilar

external carotid

maxillary

superficial temporal

internal carotid

basilar

The cerebral arterial circle is an anastomosis of arteries around the:

pons

medulla oblongata

sella turcica

frontal lobes

dural venous sinuses

sella turcica

The anterior communicating artery of the cerebral arterial circle connects the:

posterior cerebral arteries

anterior cerebral arteries

vertebral arteries

basilar artery and the internal carotid artery

posterior communicating artery and the middle cerebral artery

anterior cerebral arteries

The brachiocephalic veins are formed by the:

a. internal jugular veins

b. right sigmoid sinus

c. left sigmoid sinus

d. subclavian veins

e. straight veins

a b e

a c d

b c e

a d

b d e

a d

The internal thoracic artery will become the _________, which carries blood to the superior abdominal wall.

superior epigastric artery

inferior epigastric artery

anterior intercostal arteries

musculophrenic artery

superior epigastric artery

At the bifurcation of the aorta in the pelvic region, the _______ artery arises to supply the sacrum and coccyx.

lumbar

posterior intercostal

subclavian

median sacral

femoral

median sacral

The superior vena cava is formed by the merging of the _______ veins.

internal thoracic

inferior epigastric

lumbar

brachiocephalic

internal jugular

brachiocephalic

Which send blood to either esophageal arteries or esophageal branches to supply the esophagus with blood?

thoracic aorta

bronchial arteries

left gastric artery

thoracic aorta and left gastric artery

bronchial arteries and left gastric artery

thoracic aorta and left gastric artery

Superior phrenic arteries supply the ______ and emerge from the _____.

diaphragm; descending abdominal aorta

diaphragm; descending thoracic aorta

stomach; descending abdominal aorta

pancreas; descending abdominal aorta

esophagus; descending thoracic aorta

diaphragm; descending thoracic aorta

Which are unpaired arteries?

a. superior phrenic

b. celiac trunk

c. superior mesenteric

d. inferior mesenteric

e. inferior phrenic

f. vertebral

a d e

b d f

b c d

a b e

b c f

b c d

The branches that arise from the celiac trunk are the:

left gastric and splenic arteries

left gastroepiploic and splenic arteries

left gastric and common hepatic arteries

left gastric, left gastroepiploic, and splenic arteries

left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries

left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries

The artery that arises from the descending aorta and is immediately inferior to the celiac trunk is the _____ artery.

inferior mesenteric

right gastric

common hepatic

superior mesenteric

splenic

superior mesenteric

Which supply the pancreas?

a. inferior mesenteric artery

b. gastroduodenal artery

c. gastroepiploic artery

d. splenic artery

e. superior mesenteric artery

b d e

a d e

b c e

a c e

b e

b d e

The inferior mesenteric artery supplies blood to the:

transverse colon

transverse colon and descending colon

sigmoid colon

sigmoid colon and ascending colon

transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

Which carries blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava?

hepatic portal vein

splenic vein

inferior mesenteric vein

superior mesenteric vein

hepatic veins

hepatic veins

Which vein receives blood from the pancreatic veins, short gastric veins, and the right gastroepiploic vein?

splenic vein

inferior mesenteric vein

posterior mesenteric vein

hepatic veins

hepatic portal vein

splenic vein

The left renal vein, right renal vein, right suprarenal vein, and right gonadal vein merge directly into the:

superior vena cava

great saphenous vein

inferior vena cava

common iliac vein

obturator vein

inferior vena cava

Which situations are shared by both the blood supply of the lower extremity and the upper extremity?

a. supplied by a main arterial vessel

b. have arterial arches

c. have venous arches

d. have superficial network of veins

e. have deep network of veins

a c d

a b c d

b d

b c e

a b c d e

a b c d e

Which sequence indicates the correct pathway for blood in the arterial flow of the upper limb?

axillary artery - brachial artery - subclavian artery - ulnar artery

brachial artery - subclavian artery - axial artery - radial artery

axillary artery - subclavian artery - radial artery - ulnar artery

subclavian artery - brachial artery - axillary artery - radial artery

subclavian artery - axillary artery - brachial artery - ulnar artery

subclavian artery - axillary artery - brachial artery - ulnar artery

The arteries that anastomose and form the two arterial arches in the palm are the _____ and _____ arteries.

axillary; subclavian

radial; ulnar

radial; brachial

ulnar; brachial

axillary; brachial

radial; ulnar

The _________ run(s) adjacent to the medial surface of the upper limb and eventually helps form the axillary vein.

cephalic vein

radial veins

ulnar veins

brachial veins

basilic vein

basilic vein

The popliteal artery supplies the:

hip joint

ankle joint

knee joint

elbow joint

palmar region

knee joint

Digital arteries extend from the:

a. superficial palmar arch

b. deep palmar arch

c, plantar arch

a

b c

c

a b

a b c

a b c

The artery that divides and forms the anterior and posterior tibial arteries is the _____ artery.

femoral

popliteal

medial plantar

deep femoral

axillary

popliteal

The vein that drains immediately into the femoral vein is the ______ vein.

small saphenous

common iliac

posterior tibial

anterior tibial

great saphenous

great saphenous

The veins that merge to form the inferior vena cava are the _____ veins.

external iliac

internal iliac

popliteal

posterior and tibial

common iliac

common iliac

Typically, there are _____ left and _____ right pulmonary veins to carry the oxygenated blood to the left atrium.

three; two

two; three

four; four

two; two

three; three

two; two

The pulmonary arteries have _____ elastic tissue and ______ lumens than systemic arteries.

less; wider

more; narrower

more; wider

less; narrower

less; wider

The vitelline system of fetal circulation:

drains the gastrointestinal region

supplies the placenta

forms the veins of the head and neck

forms the veins of the body wall

drains the limbs

drains the gastrointestinal region

The __________ vein of fetal circulation forms the hepatic portal system and the liver sinusoids, as well as a portion of the inferior vena cava.

right vitelline

left vitelline

anterior cardinal

subcardinal

right vitelline

During blood vessel development, the brachiocephalic trunk is formed from the:

common dorsal aorta

aortic sac

umbilical arteries

umbilical vein

fifth aortic arch vessel

aortic sac

By the second month of development, within the umbilical cord there are _____ umbilical vein(s) and _____ umbilical artery(ies).

one; one

two; two

one; two

two; onw

two; three

one; two

During blood vessel development, the ________ veins form the hemiazygos and azygos system of veins.

subcardinal

supracardinal

anterior cardinal

umbilical

vitelline

supracardinal

Which fetal circulatory structure shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta?

foramen ovale

ductus venosus

ductus arteriosus

umbilical vein

umbilical artery

ductus arteriosus

The reason much of the blood in the fetal right atrium is shunted to the left atrium through the foramen ovale is:

the blood pressure in the right atrium is greater than in the left atrium

there is a valve that directs the blood that way

the fetus is in an antigravity situation provided by the amnionic fluid

the blood pressure in the left atrium is greater than in the right atrium

the umbilical arteries have valves

the blood pressure in the right atrium is greater than in the left atrium

After birth, the umbilical vein becomes the:

fossa ovalis

ligamentum arteriosum

ligamentum teres

ligamentum venosum

medial umbilical ligaments

ligamentum teres

The umbilical arteries carry _______ blood.

deoxygenated

oxygenated

no

deoxygenated

The fetal shortcut from the right atrium to the left atrium is the:

ductus arteriosus

ductus venosus

umbilical vein

umbilical artery

foramen ovale

foramen ovale

The foramen ovale closes at birth due to:

higher pressure in the left atrium, which causes interatrial septum flaps to close

rapid myocardial tissue growth stimulated by pregnancy hormones

a rise in fetal oxygen levels, which triggers growth of the epithelial lining

an increase in endothelial mucous production, which forms a plug

migration of connective tissue from the right atrioventricular valve

higher pressure in the left atrium, which causes interatrial septum flaps to close

In the figure showing an anterior view of the veins, which number indicates the cephalic vein? (8)

1

2

4

5

8

8

In the figure showing an anterior view of the veins, number 4 indicates the: (renal vein)

common iliac vein

cephalic vein

renal vein

brachiocephalic vein

internal jugular vein

renal vein

In the figure showing an anterior view of the arteries, what does the number 4 indicate? (celiac trunk)

external carotid artery

left internal carotid artery

left common carotid artery

celiac trunk

superior mesenteric artery

celiac trunk

In the figure showing an anterior view of the arteries, which number indicates the internal carotid artery? (2)

1

2

3

4

5

2

In the figure showing the veins of the lower extremity, which number indicates the great saphenous vein? (2)

1

2

3

4

5

2

In the figure showing the veins of the lower extremity, what veins are indicated by number 5? (fibular veins)

great saphenous veins

small saphenous veins

fibular veins

anterior tibial veins

popliteal veins

fibular veins

True or False

Very large blood vessels require their own blood supply, and this is provided by a network of small arteries called the vasa vasorum.

true

True or False

The elastic (or conducting arteries) conduct blood from the heart to the smaller muscular arteries.

true

True or False

Rather than having abundant elastic fibers in all the tunics, the muscular arteries have elastic confined to two circumscribed rings, the internal and external elastic laminae.

true

True or False

Of the three artery types, the elastic arteries have the better ability to vasoconstrict and vasodilate.

false

True or False

The mechanism of diapedesis occurs primarily in the metarterioles.

false

True or False

The contraction of skeletal muscles plays an important role in the movement of blood in the veins.

true

True or False

Systolic pressure is greater than diastolic pressure due to the force generated by ventricular contraction.

true

True or False

Among the advantages of the cerebral arterial circle is the presence of collateral channels of blood flow to the brain should a supply artery become blocked.

true

True or False

The azygos vein is located on the left side of the vertebrae.

false

True or False

Blood from the esophagus may return to the heart through both the superior and inferior vena cavae.

false

True or False

The stomach needs the celiac artery blood supply in order to receive blood.

true

True or False

The liver receives both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

true

True or False

The left suprarenal and gonadal veins differ from the right suprarenal and gonadal veins in how directly they get to the inferior vena cava.

true

True or False

Branches of the subclavian arteries carry blood on the way to the brain, neck and shoulder muscles, and mammary glands.

true

True or False

During development, the left dorsal aorta and the common dorsal aorta form the descending aorta.

true

Because of their role in material exchanges, the _______________ are considered to be the functional units of the cardiovascular system.

capillaries

The cyclical process of contracting and relaxing of the precapillary sphincters is called _________________.

vasomotion

_________________ capillaries have pores within each endothelial cell.

Fenestrated

Formed primarily of tunica intima and strengthened by elastic and collagen fibers, the _________________ in veins prevent blood from pooling.

valves

Most of the venous blood of the cranium drains through the _____________ venous sinuses.

dural

The inferior epigastric artery is a branch of the external _____________ artery and supplies the inferior abdominal wall.

iliac

The azygos vein merges with the _____________ vena cava.

superior

The lungs are special in that they receive some of their oxygen via diffusion directly from the atmospheric air through the _____________ of the lungs.

alveoli

The ___________ artery supplies the ileum, cecum, and appendix.

ileocolic