community ch 1 and 2 quiz

public health

• is concerned with the health of all, “people’s health”

• Focuses on the health of the entire population, not just on health services for individuals

• The effort to promote physical and mental health and prevent disease, injury, and disability

goal of public health

• to protect and promote the public’s health across three essential domains

  • prevent epidemics and the spread of disease

  • protect against environmental hazards

  • prevent injuries

  • promote and encourage healthy behaviors

  • respond to disasters and assist communities in recovery

  • ensure the quality and accessibility of health services

primary prevention

• prevents disease from occurring

• ex: community water fluoridation

secondary prevention

• terminating the disease process

• example: fluoride varnish on white spots (demineralized tooth surfaces)

tertiary prevention

• replaces lost tissues

• examples: dentures or implants to replace lost teeth

dental public health

• Focuses on oral health care and the education of a population with an emphasis on the utilization of dental hygiene sciences

• the science and art of preventing and controlling dental disease and promoting dental health through organized community efforts. It is the form of dental practice, which serves the community as the patient rather than the individual. It is concerned with the dental health education of the public, with research and the application of the findings of research with the administration of programs of dental care for groups and with the prevention and control of dental disease through a community approach.

community dental health

• dental public health is termed __ __ __

preventative dental public health

• Focuses on oral health care and the education of a population with an emphasis on the utilization of dental hygiene sciences

factors affecting dental public health

• oral health disparities

• the aging population

• malpractice

• dental insurance

• cultural influences

• access to care

• infrastructure: programs available, funding

• workforce: limited

• dental hygiene is prevention-based

• advanced DH practitioner practice model

dental hygiene

• as a discipline signals attention to the value placed on the practice of prevention as a health care science

• Proliferation signifies the value placed on prevention

preventive

• Dental hygiene as a discipline has a foundation in _ care

Dr. Alfred Fones

• Coined the term dental hygienist, which placed focus on the necessity of preventive services as a scientifically valid treatment modality

preventive modalities in oral care

• dental hygiene treatment

• fluorides and fluoridation

• fluoride preventive

• dental sealants

• xylitol

• alternative restorative treatment

• oral cancer screenings

• nutritional counseling

• athletic mouthguards

• education and health promotion

Dr. Frederick McKay

• is partially credited for discovering fluoridation

• began an investigation that ultimately indicated that what he was seeing was dental fluorosis caused by too much naturally occurring fluoride in the water supply

• same patients exhibited far fewer caries than his other patients, revealing the benefit of fluoridated water

indications for dental sealant placement

• newly erupted teeth

• deep pits and fissures

• history of caries

• xerostomia

• orthodontics

• poor oral hygiene

• incipient caries

dental sealants

• Placement is a highly effective means of preventing pit and fissure caries, which are the areas least affected by fluoride

• should be placed as soon as possible after the tooth erupts and proper isolation to prevent moisture contamination

alternative restorative treatment (ART)

• formerly known as atraumatic restorative treatment

• involves sealing a tooth after removing demineralized tooth surfaces manually

• seal with glass ionomer or sealant materials

• common in many areas worldwide

  • silver diamine fluoride

present mission of ADHA

• to improve the public’s total health by working to advance the art and science of dental hygiene by ensuring access to quality oral health care

• increasing awareness of the cost-effective benefits of prevention

• promoting the highest standards of dental hygiene education, licensure, practice and research, and representing and promoting the interests of dental hygienists

world health organizations six point agenda

1. promoting development

2. fostering health security

3. strengthening health systems

4. harnessing research, information, and evidence

5. enhancing partnerships

6. improving performance

first point WHO (ethical principle of equity)

• Access to life-saving or health-promoting interventions should not be denied for unfair reasons, including those with economic or social roots.

Second point WHO (fostering health security)

• One of the greatest threats to international health security is from outbreaks of emerging and epidemic-prone diseases

third point WHO (strengthening health systems)

• For health improvement to operate as a poverty-reduction strategy, health services must reach poor and underserved populations

fourth point WHO (harnessing research, information, and evidence)

• provides the foundation for setting priorities, defining strategies, and measuring results.

fifth point WHO (enhancing partnerships)

• WHO carries out its work with the support and collaboration of many partners, including UN agencies and other international organizations, donors, civil society, and the private sector.

sixth point WHO (improving performance)

• WHO participates in ongoing reforms to improve its efficiency and effectiveness at both the international level and within countries.

Dr. John Snow

• The founder of modern-day epidemiology

• polluted public water well in 1854 led to a cholera outbreak- responsible for tracing back the cause

1798

• president john adams signed an act into law for the relief of sick and disabled seamen was passed, establishing a federal network of hospitals for the care of merchant seamen; a forerunner of today’s US Public Health Service.

1871

• The first supervising surgeon, John Maynard Woodworth (later Surgeon General), was appointed to the Marine Hospital Service, which had been organized the prior year.

• adopted a military model for his medical staff as part of a system reform. He instituted examinations for applicants, put physicians in uniforms, and created a cadre of mobile, career-service physicians who could be assigned to various marine hospitals.

1887

• The federal government opened a one-room laboratory on Staten Island for research on disease, thereby planting the seed that was to grow into the National Institutes of Health.

1906

• Congress passed the Pure Food and Drugs Act, authorizing the government to monitor the purity of foods and the safety of medicines, now the responsibility of the Food and Drug Administration

1921

• The Bureau of Indian Affairs Health Division, the forerunner to the Indian Health Service, was created.

1946

• The Communicable Disease Center, forerunner of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was established

1955

• The Salk polio vaccine was licensed.

1961

• •The First White House Conference on Aging was held.

1964

• The first Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and Health was released.

1965

• The Medicare and Medicaid programs were created, making comprehensive health care available to millions of Americans. In addition, the Older Americans Act created the nutritional and social programs administered by HHS Administration on Aging, and the Head Start program was created

1966

• The International Smallpox Eradication program led by the US Public Health Service was established; the worldwide eradication of smallpox was accomplished in 1977.

1970

• The National Health Service Corps was established

1990

• The Human Genome Project was established, and the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act was passed to authorize nutritional labeling of food

1993

•The Vaccines for Children Program was established, providing free immunizations to all children in low-income families.

1995

•The Social Security Administration became an independent agency.

1996

•The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was enacted.

1997

•The State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) was created, which enables states to extend health coverage to more uninsured children.

1999

The initiative on combating bioterrorism was launched.

2002

The Office of Public Health Emergency Preparedness was created to coordinate efforts against bioterrorism and other emergency health threats

2003

•The Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act was enacted—the most significant expansion of Medicare since its enactment, including a prescription drug benefit.

2010

The Affordable Care Act was signed into law, putting in place comprehensive US health insurance reforms

2017

•Affordable Care Act “ overhaul”

immunizations (small pox)

Dr. Edward Jenner’s discovery lead to

irene newman

• First dental hygienist trained by Fones for 1 year before starting to treat patients in practice

the connecticut dental hygienists association

• first president was irene newman, the first dental hygienist with her 19 class members in 1914

• objective of newly formed association was "to educate the public in, and to advance the cause of, mouth hygiene for the mutual improvement of its members, and to assist as far as lie within its power in the prevention of disease."

evolution of adha

•The present mission is to improve the public's total health by working to advance the art and science of dental hygiene by ensuring access to quality oral health care; increasing awareness of the cost-effective benefits of prevention; promoting the highest standards of dental hygiene education, licensure, practice and research, and representing and promoting the interests of dental hygienists

ADHA

• Represents more than 150,000 registered dental hygienists.

•Each of the fifty state dental hygiene associations is a constituent member.

•Constituent organizations serve the components in their jurisdictions by informing them of national policies and programs and actively working on legislative issues.

•Components are the local associations and work at grass root efforts.

reasons cited for opposition to water fluoridation

•Violation of personal freedom

•Cause of disease(s) and/or medical conditions: cancer,

•AIDS, fatigue, etc.

•Forced medication

•Communist plot

Abuse of police power

fluoride prevention strategies

• fluoride supplements

• professionally applied fluoride foams, gels, and rinses

• fluoride varnishes

• fluoride-containing prophy pastes

• fluoride toothpastes

• water (tap)

oral cancer examinations and tobacco cessation

• use is related to tooth staining, periodontal diseases, and oral and pharyngeal cancer

• only 7% of adult in US reported having had an oral cancer exam in the past year which is the recommended interval

• tobacco cessation programs

athletic mouthguard

• •Worn during athletic events to prevent trauma to the oral cavity and brain

  •Even more beneficial for younger athletes

  •Research does not yet prove mouthguards prevent or reduce concussions

  •Promotional benefits of professional athletes "sporting" mouthguards during athletic events