Music Exam 3: Romantic Period

Romantic Period

emphasis on mood, color, emotion, more extreme dynamics, chromatic harmony; era of specialization; programmatic vs absolute; influence of beethoven

German traditional

composers who used beethoven as their model

German traditional: composers

schubert, mendelssohn, schumann, brahms

German traditional: schubert

starving artist, wasn’t a professional

German traditional: song: unfinished symphony

schubert

German traditional: song: der erlkong

shubert

German traditional: mendelssohn

blend of classical and romantic, prodigy, influenced by mozart

German traditional: mendelssohn: style

symmetric, harmony, focus on emotion and fantasy

German traditional: song: overture from midsummer nights dream

mendelssohn

German traditional: song: wedding march from a midsummer nights dream

mendelssohn

German traditional: song: violin concerto 1st movement

mendelssohn

German traditional: fanny hensel

mendelssohn’s sister

German traditional: schumann

had imaginary friends, notes as a womens name

German traditional: schumann: music

influenced from Beethoven, powerful, heavy, dramatic

German traditional: clara schumann

schumann’s wife

German traditional: song: symphony No. 4 1st movement

schumann

German traditional: brahms

self critical, took 20 years to complete his 1st symphony

German traditional: brahms: music

influenced by beethoven, heavy, dark, dramatic

German traditional: song: symphiny No. 1 first movement

brahms

German traditional: brahms: hemiola

rhythmic juxtaposition of duplets against triplets; creates rhythmic tension

German traditional: song: cello sonata no. 1 3rd movement

brahms

Virtuoso

music designed to show off skills of the performer

Virtuoso: berlioz (orchestra)

fell in love with ophelia in hamlet, attempted suicide taking opium

Virtuoso: song: symphonie fantastique (programmatic)

berlioz

Virtuoso: berlioz: idee fixe

attaches melody to a certain character in the story

Virtuoso: berlioz: thematic transformation

as the story advances, character goes through changed reflected in idee fixe

Virtuoso: Chopin (pianist)

composed for piano

Virtuoso: chopin: salon music

music designed to be performed in an intimate setting

Virtuoso: chopin: character pieces

single movement works which create a single mood, character, or emotion

Virtuoso: chopin: rubato

to stretch the rhythmic pulse to give an emotional feel

Virtuoso: chopin: etude

a technical study designed to teach the musician a certain technique skill

Virtuoso: song: nocturn in eflat major

chopin

Virtuoso: song: minute waltz

chopin

Virtuoso: song: etude no. 1

chopin

Virtuoso: song: black key etude

chopin

Virtuoso: liszt (pianist)

raised piano playing

Virtuoso: song: waltz for piano

liszt

Virtuoso: song: mephisto waltz for piano

liszt

Virtuoso: song: hungarian rhapsody for piano

liszt

Virtuoso: liszt: transcription

to make an arrangement for another genre

Virtuoso: song: hungarian rhapsody for orchestra

Virtuoso: song: wedding march from a midsummer nights dream

Virtuoso: paganini (violin)

raised violin playing

Virtuoso: song: violin caprice no. 24

paganini

Virtuoso: song: perpetual motion violin

paganini

Virtuoso: song: perpetual motion trumpet

paganini

Nationalism

music written to glorify what is unique and wonderful about homeland

Nationalism: Russia: Tchaikovsky

relationship with a wome, people thought he was gay, commited suicide by drinking cholera

Nationalism: Russia: Tchaikovsky: music

blend of nationalistic and german traditional, ballet music, emotional, serious

Nationalism: Russia: song: piano concerto no. 1 first movement

tchaikovsky

Nationalism: Russia: song: romeo and juliet overture

tchaikovsky

Nationalism: Russia: song: nutcracker ballet

tchaikovsky

Nationalism: Russia: mussorgsky

mighty 5

Nationalism: Russia: song: night on a bald mountain

mussorgsky

Nationalism: Russia: mussorgsky: music

emotional, rough, dramatic, programmatic

Nationalism: Russia: song: ballet of the baby chicks

mussorgsky

Nationalism: Russia: rimskey-korsakov

another russian composer

Nationalism: Russia: song: flight of the bumblebee (orchestration)

rimksy

Nationalism: Russia: rimskey-korsakov: orchestration

assigning melody of accompaniment to the best instrument for the job

Nationalism: Russia: song: festival of baghdad

rimsky

Nationalism: Czech Republic: Smetana

mostly programmatic, persuaded others to write nationalistic

Nationalism: Czech Republic: song: the moldau

smetana

Nationalism: Czech Republic: dvorak

influenced by brahms, student of smetana, blend of german traditional and nationalistic

Nationalism: Czech Republic: song: new world symphony

dvorak

Nationalism: Czech Republic: song: american string quartet

dvorak

Nationalism: Norway: Greig

captures panoramic scenery of norway

Nationalism: Czech Republic: song: morning mood

greig

Nationalism: Czech Republic: song: in the hall of the mountain king

greig

Opera: italy: rossini

composed with great speed, took early retirement, international celebrity by 20

Opera: italy: rossini: music

fun, light-hearted

Opera: italy: song: barber of seville

rossini

Opera: italy: rossini: versimo

stories about real people with real problems

Opera: italy: song: la forza del destino (versimo)

verdi

Opera: italy: song: madame butterfly (versimo)

puccini

Opera: france: song: carmen

bizet

Opera: Germany: wagner

genius, controversial, many affairs, anti-semetic

Opera: germany: song: bridal chorus

wagner

Opera: germany: song: ride of the valkryies

wagner

Opera: Germany: wagner: fusion of the arts

music incorporates all arts; philosophy, religion, politics, economics

Opera: Germany: wagner: music drama

work that makes use of many art forms

Opera: Germany: wagner: the ring cycle

tetrology, four operas, 4-6 hrs long

Opera: Germany: wagner: leitmotif

like idee fixe, attaches melody to every person, object, location, and emotion

Opera: Germany: song: gotterdammerung

wagner

Opera: Germany: wagner: innovations

increased demands on orchestra, singers, harmony, pushed tonality

Transitional

music that is forward looking to the 20th century

Transitional: extreme chromaticism

music that is very dissonant, harmonies clash

Transitional: extreme chromaticism: wagner (opera)

pushed envelope of tonality

Transitional: extreme chromaticism: strauss

extremely chromatic, programmatic

Transitional: extreme chromaticism: song: also sprach zarathustra

strauss

Transitional: extreme chromaticism: song: don quixote

strauss

Transitional: impressionism

emphasis on color, mood, and subtlety

Transitional: impressionism: debussy

emphasized mood, color, subtlety, dissonant,

Transitional: impressionism: song: prelude to afternoon faun

debussy

Transitional: impressionism: song: la mer

debussy

Transitional: impressionism: debussy: pentatonic scale

scale using only the black keys

Transitional: impressionism: debussy: wholee tone scale

scale of only whole steps

Transitional: impressionism: debussy: blurring with the pedal

wash of harmonied heard simultaneously

Transitional: impressionism: song: piano etude

debussy

Transitional: impressionism: ravel

master of orchestration, influenced by renoir

Transitional: impressionism: song: bolero

ravel

Transitional: primitivism

music appealing to base human emotions, primitive instincts, rhythmically complicated