Industrial and Power Plant Engineering Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the Industrial and Power Plant Engineering reference material, covering boilers, fuels, fluid mechanics, refrigeration, fire protection, and metrology.

Hot-water heating boiler

A boiler having a volume exceeding $120\,\text{gallons}$ ($454\,\text{L}$), a heat input exceeding $200,000\,\text{BTU/h}$ ($58.6\,\text{kW}$), or an operating temperature exceeding $210^\circ\text{F}$ ($99^\circ\text{C}$) that provides hot water to be used externally of itself.

Low pressure hot water heating boiler

A boiler in which water is heated for the purpose of supplying heat at a pressure not exceeding $150\,\text{psia}$ ($1,102\,\text{kPa}$) at a temperature not exceeding $250^\circ\text{F}$ ($121^\circ\text{C}$).

Miniature boiler

A power boiler having an internal shell diameter of 16 inches or less, a gross volume of 5 cubic feet or less, a heating surface of 20 sq. feet or less (not applicable to electric boilers), and operating pressure not exceeding $100\,\text{psi}$ ($689\,\text{kPa}$).

Package boiler

Any class of boiler equipped and shipped complete with fuel burning equipment, automatic controls and accessories, and mechanical draft equipment, if used.

Power hot water boiler (high temperature water boiler)

A boiler used for heating water or liquid to a pressure exceeding $160\,\text{psi}$ ($1,103\,\text{kPa}$) or to a temperature exceeding $250^\circ\text{F}$ ($121^\circ\text{C}$).

Unfired pressure vessel

A vessel in which pressure is obtained from an external source, or from an indirect application of heat, or a closed container with a nominal internal diameter exceeding 6 inches ($152.4\,\text{mm}$) and volume exceeding $1.5\,\text{ft}^3$ ($42\,\text{L}$) subjected to pressures exceeding $15\,\text{psia}$ ($103\,\text{kPa}$).

Steam heating boiler

A boiler operated at pressures not exceeding $15\,\text{psi}$ ($103\,\text{kPa}$).

Pilot

A burner smaller than the main burner that is ignited by a spark or other independent and stable ignition source, providing the ignition energy required to light off the main burner immediately.

Continuous pilot

A pilot that burns without turndown throughout the entire period that the boiler is in service, whether or not the main burner is firing.

Intermittent pilot

A pilot that burns during light off and while the main burner is firing, and that is shut off with the main burner.

Interrupted pilot

A pilot that burns during light off and that is shut off during normal operation.

Boiler or steam generator

A closed vessel intended for use in heating water or for application of heat to generate steam or other vapor to be used externally to itself.

Existing installations

Any boiler or unfired pressure vessel constructed, installed, and placed in operation but subjected to annual inspection.

Condemned boiler

A boiler that has been inspected and declared unsafe to operate or disqualified, stamped, and marked indicating its rejection.

Power boiler

A closed vessel in which steam or other vapor is generated at a pressure of more than $1.055\,\text{kg/cm}^2$ gauge by the direct application of heat.

Second hand boiler

A boiler of which both the location and ownership have been changed after primary use.

Reinstalled boiler

A boiler removed from its original setting and erected at the same location or erected at a location without change of ownership.

Fusible plug

A device having a predetermined temperature fusible member for the relief of pressures.

Draw-down

The vertical difference between the pumping water level and static water level.

Header

A large pipe or drum into which each of a group of boilers is connected.

Kerosene

A petroleum distillate having a flash point not below $22.8^\circ\text{C}$ as determined by Abel tester, equivalent to $22.8^\circ\text{C}$ as an illuminant when burned in a wick lamp.

Coke

A solid infusible, cellular residue left after fusible bituminous coals are heated in the absence of air above temperatures at which active thermal decomposition of the coal occurs.

Class A fire

Class of fire involving ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and plastics.

Class B fire

Class of fire involving flammable liquids and gases.

Class C fire

Class of fire involving energized electrical equipment.

Class D fire

Class of fire involving combustible metals, such as magnesium, sodium, titanium, and other similar metals.

Non-combustibles

Commodities, packaging, or storage aids which will not ignite, burn, or liberate flammable gases when heated to a temperature of $749^\circ\text{F}$ for five minutes.

Hydrostatics

The science of water at rest.

Hydrodynamics

The science of the force exerted by water in motion.

Suction lift

The reading of a liquid manometer at the suction of the pump.

Pitot tube

An instrument used to measure the pressure of water discharging from a nozzle.

Static water level

The level with respect to the pump of the body of water from which it takes suction when the pump is not in operation.

Aquifer

An underground formation that contains sufficient saturated permeable material to yield significant quantities of water.

Total discharge head

The reading of a pressure gauge at the discharge of the pump plus velocity head at the point of gauge attachment.

Capacity

The rate of flow of liquid measured per unit time.

Check valve

A type of valve installed between the suction of a pump and water mains to prevent any return to mains when the pump is stopped.

Flooded refrigeration system

A refrigeration system in which only part of the refrigerant passing over the heat transfer surface is separated from the vapor and recirculated.

Clean agent

An electrically non-conducting volatile or gaseous fire extinguisher that does not leave residue upon evaporation.

Liquid receiver

A vessel permanently connected to a system by inlet and outlet pipes for storage of liquid refrigerant.

Stop valve

A shut-off valve other than a valve for controlling the flow of refrigerant.

Absorption refrigeration system

A refrigeration system in which the refrigerant gas evolved in the evaporator is taken up in an absorber and released in a generator upon the application of heat.

Cascade refrigeration system

A refrigeration system having two or more refrigerant circuits, each with a pressure-imposing element, condenser, and evaporator, where the evaporator of one circuit cools the condenser of another circuit.

Refrigerant

A substance which produces a refrigerating effect by its absorption of heat while expanding or evaporating.

Brine

Any liquid cooled by the refrigerant and used for the transmission of heat without a change in its state.

Chilled water system

An indirect refrigerating system employing water as the circulating medium.

Humidity

The ratio of the actual weight of moisture to the weight of saturated water vapor of mixture.

Condenser

A vessel in which vaporized refrigerant is liquefied by the removal of heat.

NFPA 13

The standard of water-based fire protection systems.

NFPA 72

The standard of fire alarm systems.

Automatic fire extinguishing system

An approved system of devices and equipment which automatically detects a fire and discharges an approved fire-extinguishing agent.

Automatic sprinkler system

An integrated system of underground and overhead piping designed in accordance with fire protection engineering standards, activated by heat from fire to discharge water over the fire area.

Deluge system

A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers attached to a piping system connected to a water supply through a valve opened by a detection system, discharging water from all attached sprinklers.

Foam extinguishing system

A special system discharging foam made from concentrates, either mechanically or chemically, over the area to provide protection.

Halogenated extinguishing system

A fire-extinguishing system using one or more atoms of an element from the halogen chemical series: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

Nuisance alarm

An alarm caused by mechanical failure, malfunction, improper installation, lack of proper maintenance, or an activated cause that cannot be determined.

Class I standpipe system

Standpipe system providing 2.5 inch ($64\,\text{mm}$) hose connections to supply water for use by fire departments and those trained in handling heavy fire streams.

Class II standpipe system

Standpipe system providing 1.5 inch ($38\,\text{mm}$) hose connections to supply water primarily for building occupants or fire departments during initial response.

Class III standpipe system

Standpipe system providing 1.5 inch ($38\,\text{mm}$) hose connections for building occupants and 2.5 inch ($65\,\text{mm}$) hose connections for fire departments.

Wet-Chemical extinguishing agent

A solution of water and potassium-carbonate-based chemical, potassium-acetate-based chemical, or a combination thereof, forming an extinguishing agent.

Impairment coordinator

The party responsible for the maintenance of a particular fire protection system.

Wireless protection system

A system or part of a system that can transmit and receive signals without the aid of wire.

Relief valve

A valve designed to open automatically to relieve excess pressure.

Tube

A hollow product of round or any cross section having a continuous periphery.

Manifold

A fitting with a number of branches in the line connecting to smaller pipes.

Expansion loop

A large radius bend in a pipeline to absorb longitudinal expansion in the line due to heat.

Tolerance

The amount of variation permitted in the total variation allowed in a given dimension.

Allowance

The minimum clearance space intended between mating parts, representing the condition of tightest possible fit.

Rules

The most generally used graduated measuring instrument for approximately determining linear dimensions.

Dial calipers

Directly reading calipers which are accurate up to the thousandth of a centimeter.

Planimeter

A tool for checking the flatness of plane surfaces to tenths-of-thousandths of a centimeter.

Gages

Devices used to determine whether a part has been made to the tolerance required.

Tachometer

An instrument that measures speed.

Thermocouple pyrometer

A temperature measuring instrument in which the voltage generated at the junction of two dissimilar metal wires indicates the degree of temperature.

Optical pyrometer

A temperature measuring instrument in which the temperature is determined by matching the luminosity of a hot body.