Anatomy and Physiology - Chapter 1

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Chapter 1 of an Anatomy and Physiology course.

Radiology

Branch of medicine concerned with imaging.

Histology (microscopic anatomy)

Examination of tissues with a microscope.

Histopathology

Microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease

Cytology

Study of structure and function of cells.

Ultrastructure

View detail under electron microscope.

Neurophysiology

Physiology of the nervous system

Endocrinology

Physiology of hormones.

Pathophysiology

Mechanisms of disease.

Responsiveness

Ability to sense and react to stimuli (irritability or excitability).

Homeostasis

Maintaining relatively stable internal conditions.

Receptor

Structure that senses change in the body.

Effector

Cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action to restore homeostasis

Left and right

A sagittal section divides the body or organ into what parts?

Anterior and posterior

A frontal, or coronal, section divides the body or organ into what parts?

Integumentary System

System responsible for protection, water retention, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis, cutaneous sensation, nonverbal communication ?

Skeletal System

System responsible for support, movement, protective enclosure of viscera, blood formation, mineral storage, electrolyte and acid–base balance ?

Muscular System

System responsible for movement, stability, communication, control of body openings, heat production?

Lymphatic system

System responsible for recovery of excess tissue fluid, detection of pathogens, production of immune cells, defense against disease?

Respiratory System

System responsible for absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide, acid–base balance, speech?

Urinary System

System responsible for Elimination of wastes; regulation of blood volume and pressure; stimulation of red blood cell formation; control of fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base balance; detoxification?

Digestive System

System responsible for Nutrient breakdown and absorption. Liver functions include metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals; synthesis of plasma proteins; disposal of drugs, toxins, and hormones; and cleansing of blood?

Male reproductive system

System responsible for production and delivery of sperm; secretion of sex hormones?

Female reproductive system

System responsible for production of eggs; site of fertilization and fetal development; fetal nourishment; birth; lactation; secretion of sex hormones?

Nervous system

System responsible for rapid internal communication, coordination, motor control and sensation?

Endocrine system

System responsible for hormone production; internal chemical communication and coordination?

Circulatory system

System responsible for distribution of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electrolytes, heat, immune cells, and antibodies; fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base balance?