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29 Terms
1
Sleep
a periodic, natural loss of consciousness -- as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation
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2
Circadian rhythm
regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle
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3
REM sleep
a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur
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4
NREM sleep
A lower quality, encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep
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5
NREM-1
transition from wakefulness to sleep
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6
NREM-2
deep relaxation, lasting 30-60 minutes
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7
NREM-3
deep sleep, or slow-wave sleep, lasts about 20-40 minutes
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8
Hallucinations
false sensory experiences such as seeing something in the absence of external visual stimulus
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9
Hypnagogic sensations
bizarre experiences, such as jerking or a feeling of falling or floating weightlessly, while transitioning to sleep
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10
Insomnia
recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
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11
Narcolepsy
a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks
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12
Sleep apnea
a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
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13
Somnambulism
a sleep disorder characterized by engaging in complex behaviors while still asleep
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14
REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)
a sleep disorder characterized by the physical acting out of dreams during REM sleep
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15
Dreams
a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind
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16
Activation-synthesis theory
a neurobiological explanation for how dreams are formed
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17
Consolidation theory
suggests that dreaming is the result of the brain consolidating memories during sleep
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18
Psychoactive drugs
a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
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19
Substance use disorder
a disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk
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20
Tolerance
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect
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21
Withdrawal
the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior
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22
Depressants
drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions (alcohol, barbiturates, opiates)
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23
Alcohol use disorder
alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use
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24
Opiates
opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
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25
Stimulants
drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
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26
Caffeine
a stimulant that speeds up the CNS, stimulating the brain, elevating mood, and postponing fatigue
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27
Cocaine
a powerful and addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant; produces temporarily increased alertness and euphoria
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28
Hallucinogens
psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
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29
THC
the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations
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