World Civilization final

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Christianity

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-religion that was attempted to be stomped out by Rome due to refusal to worship emperors as divine beings.
-spread throughout medditeranean basin due to trade routes

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Anatolia

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-one of places reached by Islam due to the Turkish migration

  • was previously christian but became majority isalm
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Christianity

-religion that was attempted to be stomped out by Rome due to refusal to worship emperors as divine beings.
-spread throughout medditeranean basin due to trade routes

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Anatolia

-one of places reached by Islam due to the Turkish migration

  • was previously christian but became majority isalm
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Gregory the Woodworker

  • a tireless missionary that popularized Christianity through performing miracles in christian Anatolia
  • helped make Christianity a popular religion of salvation in the Roman empire
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Paul of Tarsus

  • principal figure in development of Christianity into an independent religious faith
  • devout jew from Anatolia that accepted the teaching of Jesus
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Visigoths

  • a group of Germanic that bordered the Roman Empire
    -originally from Scandanavia and Russia
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Ostrogoths

  • a group of Germanic people that followed the visisgoths
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Augustine

  • bishop of North African city of Hippo
    -worked to reconcile Christianity with Greek and Roman teachings
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Huns

  • a nomadic people from central Asia in 4th century A.D known for conquering
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Vandals

  • an ethnic group that governed Spain during the fall of the roman empire
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Shinto

-an indigenous religion of Japan

  • focused on veneration of ancestor and spirits and deities
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Buddhism

-founded by Siddhartha Guatama
-focused on four noble truths
-goal to reach nirvana

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Hinduism

-main religion of india
-goal to reach spiritual purity

  • karma, dharma
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Daoism

  • chinese philosophy with orgins in the zhou dynasty ]
  • policy of noncompetition
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Chivalry

  • European code of conduct followed by knights based on loyalty and honor
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Pope

  • leader of the roman catholic church
    -bishop of Rome
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Patriarch

-leader of the greek orthodox church

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Roman Catholic

  • Universal christian religion before protestant reformation
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Eastern orthodox

  • broke off from Catholic Church
  • gave shape to a distinct form of Christianity
  • spread mostly through eastern europe and russia
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Constantinople

  • capital of byzantine empire
  • founded by emperor constantine
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Zimbabwe

-"dwelling of the chief"

  • best known kingdom of east and central africa
  • home of stone structure called Great Zimbabwe
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Mongols

  • East Asian ethnic group known for invading
  • nomadic people
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Golden Horde

  • mongol tribe that controlled russia
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Sultan

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Bezant

  • standard currency of the mediterranean basin
  • made from byzantine gold
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Hanseatic League

  • a commercial federation of guilds and market towns
  • dominated trade in northern Europe
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Abbasid dynasty

  • founded by Abu Al Abbas
  • reached peak under Haruun Al- Rashid
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Ummayyad dyansty

  • arabic dynasty
  • capital damascus
  • expanded to spain and india
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Harun al-Rashid

-leader of abbasid dysnasty
-helped reach its peak

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Abu al-abbas

  • founder of abbasid dynasty
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Muhammad Islam

  • islamic prophet
  • considered final prophet of islam
  • creator of quran
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Muslims

  • people who adhere to islam
  • a monotheistic abrahamic religion
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foot binding

  • tight wrapping of young girls feet with strips to prevent growth
  • painful way to oppress women
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Tang taizong

  • chinese emperor of tang dysnasty
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Otto of saxony crusades

  • self established king of northern germany
  • Crowned emperor by pope john Xii
  • leader of "holy roman empire"
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dar al-islam

  • " house of Islam"
  • term for an Islamic world
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Kowtow

  • a ritual postration
  • subjects bowed before emperor and touched forehead to the ground
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Chinggis Khan

  • founder of mongol empire
    -conquered most of euroasia
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Khubilai Khan

  • mongol ruler
  • chingis khan grandson
  • most talented conqueror
  • supported all religions
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Khanbaliq

-" city of the khan"

  • served as mongol capital
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Khadija

  • wife of muhammad
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Koran/Quaran

  • Islamic holy book
    -believed to contain divine revelations of Allah
  • presented to muhammad
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Justinian

-ruler of byzantine empire

  • helped it reach its peak
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Hadith

  • islamic traditions
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Sunnah

  • islamic traditions and practices
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sharia

  • the system of islamic law
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Diocletian

  • leader of roman empire
  • divided rome into two parts and hired co emperors
  • helped end roman civil unrest
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Attila

  • warrior king of huns
  • made huns virtually unstoppable
  • invaded hungary, rome, gaul, and italy
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Pope Urban II

  • launched the crusades
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Judaism

  • Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion
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Song Dynasty

  • dynasty following the tang dynasty
  • helped china improve economy, agriculture, and industrial production
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Tang dynasty

  • organzied china into powerful, productive, prosperous society
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Saladin

  • Muslim leader and crusader
  • recaptured jerusalem
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Holy Roman Empire

  • began when pope john Xii crowned otto emperor
  • the empire fell out of power and was neither holy nor roman
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William of Normandy

- duke who invaded england and ruled its inhabitants

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bantu

  • african people who origially lived in present day nigeria
  • migrated to sub-saharan africa
  • very influential linguistically
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Ghana

  • kingdom of west africa
  • converted to islam
  • dominated trans saharan trade
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Byzantium

  • a modest village located on a natural harbor called the golden horn
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Dominicans

-an order of mendicants founded by st dominic
-purpose was to live in poverty and serve their community

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Franciscans

  • an order of mendicants founded by st francis
  • purpose was to live in poverty and serve religious needs of community
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Edict of milan

  • allowed christians to practice faith openly in roman empire
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Council of nicea

  • held to determine if Jesus was a human of divine being
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Harihara and bukka

  • two brother dispatched to keep order
  • ran southern parts of the kingdom of vijayanagar
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Saljuk Turks

  • turkish tribe
    -gained power over abbasid empire
    -fought with byzantine empire
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Ottoman Turks

  • took the city of constantinople
    -renamed it istanbul
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Caesaropapism

the mixing of political and religious authority

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caravanserais

  • roadside inn for travelers to rest
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reconquista

-spainish crusade

  • goal to drive islamic forces out of spain
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moors

-used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants

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barracks emperors

  • generals during the han dynasty
  • seized power held it briefly until lost to a rival
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Hugh capet

  • starter of capetian dynasty
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Bhakti Movement

  • indian movemet'
    -attempted to transcend differences of hinduism and islam
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Greek Fire

-devastating weapon used at sea by byzantine forces

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Sunni

  • traditionalists
  • most popular branch of islam
  • believes that only a descendant of ali can lead
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Shiite

  • adherent to the shia branch of islam
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Yurts

-tents used by nomadic turkish and mongol tribes

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Hagia Sophia

  • large christian church constructed by byzantine leader justinian
    -later converted to a mosque
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Mahmud of Ghazni

  • leader of ghaznivid, turkish tribe
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Marco polo

  • italian merchant
  • first to land in the americas
  • traveled to china
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Delhi Sultans

  • people who lived in delhi sultanate
  • empire that stretched over india
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Angkor Thom

  • temple city of angkor
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Mansa Musa

  • leader of mali, west african kingdom
  • helped it reach its peak
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Niani

  • the capital of mali
  • benefited from trade
  • attracted merchants seeking gold
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Kongo

  • central african state that began trade with portuguese
  • suffered from slave trade
    -converted to christianity
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hajj

  • pilgrimage to mecca
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Jizya

  • islamic tax imposed on non- muslims only
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Guilds

  • subcaste of the caste system based on jobs
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baghdad

  • considered the great city of islam
  • located in modern iraq
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Instanbul

  • formerly constantinople
  • renamed when it fell to the turks
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Mecca

Birth place of Islam

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Medina

  • muhammad's migration here starts the islamic calendar
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damascus

  • capital of ummayad dynasty
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Griots

-professional singers, historians and story tellers

  • lived in sub saharan africa
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bedouin

  • nomadic arabic tribe people
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berbers

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Thomas Aquinas

  • saw no contradiction between science and christianity
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Angkor Wat

  • temple city located in angkor
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Basil II

  • ruler of byzantine empire
  • known as bulgar slayer
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Iconoclasm

  • movement to destroy religious icons
    -viewed veneration as sinful
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Caste system

social stratification characterised by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a style of life which often includes an occupation, ritual status in a hierarchy, and customary social interaction and exclusion based on cultural notions of purity and pollution

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What role did William of Normandy play in the development of England? Why was England able to develop a centralized government earlier than other states of the age?

William invaded England and introduced Normand principles of government to them. After William England rules with a much more centralized government. England establishes a strong centralized government partly because of the invaders who introduce it, and partly because it was so far away from Rome where the pope lives.