World Civilization final

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101 Terms

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Christianity
-religion that was attempted to be stomped out by Rome due to refusal to worship emperors as divine beings.
-spread throughout medditeranean basin due to trade routes
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Anatolia
-one of places reached by Islam due to the Turkish migration
- was previously christian but became majority isalm
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Gregory the Woodworker
- a tireless missionary that popularized Christianity through performing miracles in christian Anatolia
- helped make Christianity a popular religion of salvation in the Roman empire
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Paul of Tarsus
- principal figure in development of Christianity into an independent religious faith
- devout jew from Anatolia that accepted the teaching of Jesus
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Visigoths
- a group of Germanic that bordered the Roman Empire
-originally from Scandanavia and Russia
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Ostrogoths
- a group of Germanic people that followed the visisgoths
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Augustine
- bishop of North African city of Hippo
-worked to reconcile Christianity with Greek and Roman teachings
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Huns
- a nomadic people from central Asia in 4th century A.D known for conquering
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Vandals
- an ethnic group that governed Spain during the fall of the roman empire
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Shinto
-an indigenous religion of Japan
- focused on veneration of ancestor and spirits and deities
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Buddhism
-founded by Siddhartha Guatama
-focused on four noble truths
-goal to reach nirvana
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Hinduism
-main religion of india
-goal to reach spiritual purity
- karma, dharma
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Daoism
- chinese philosophy with orgins in the zhou dynasty ]
- policy of noncompetition
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Chivalry
- European code of conduct followed by knights based on loyalty and honor
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Pope
- leader of the roman catholic church
-bishop of Rome
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Patriarch
-leader of the greek orthodox church
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Roman Catholic
- Universal christian religion before protestant reformation
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Eastern orthodox
- broke off from Catholic Church
- gave shape to a distinct form of Christianity
- spread mostly through eastern europe and russia
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Constantinople
- capital of byzantine empire
- founded by emperor constantine
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Zimbabwe
-"dwelling of the chief"
- best known kingdom of east and central africa
- home of stone structure called Great Zimbabwe
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Mongols
- East Asian ethnic group known for invading
- nomadic people
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Golden Horde
- mongol tribe that controlled russia
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Sultan
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Bezant
- standard currency of the mediterranean basin
- made from byzantine gold
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Hanseatic League
- a commercial federation of guilds and market towns
- dominated trade in northern Europe
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Abbasid dynasty
- founded by Abu Al Abbas
- reached peak under Haruun Al- Rashid
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Ummayyad dyansty
- arabic dynasty
- capital damascus
- expanded to spain and india
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Harun al-Rashid
-leader of abbasid dysnasty
-helped reach its peak
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Abu al-abbas
- founder of abbasid dynasty
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Muhammad Islam
- islamic prophet
- considered final prophet of islam
- creator of quran
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Muslims
- people who adhere to islam
- a monotheistic abrahamic religion
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foot binding
- tight wrapping of young girls feet with strips to prevent growth
- painful way to oppress women
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Tang taizong
- chinese emperor of tang dysnasty
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Otto of saxony crusades
- self established king of northern germany
- Crowned emperor by pope john Xii
- leader of "holy roman empire"
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dar al-islam
- " house of Islam"
- term for an Islamic world
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Kowtow
- a ritual postration
- subjects bowed before emperor and touched forehead to the ground
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Chinggis Khan
- founder of mongol empire
-conquered most of euroasia
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Khubilai Khan
- mongol ruler
- chingis khan grandson
- most talented conqueror
- supported all religions
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Khanbaliq
-" city of the khan"
- served as mongol capital
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Khadija
- wife of muhammad
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Koran/Quaran
- Islamic holy book
-believed to contain divine revelations of Allah
- presented to muhammad
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Justinian
-ruler of byzantine empire
- helped it reach its peak
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Hadith
- islamic traditions
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Sunnah
- islamic traditions and practices
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sharia
- the system of islamic law
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Diocletian
- leader of roman empire
- divided rome into two parts and hired co emperors
- helped end roman civil unrest
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Attila
- warrior king of huns
- made huns virtually unstoppable
- invaded hungary, rome, gaul, and italy
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Pope Urban II
- launched the crusades
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Judaism
- Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion
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Song Dynasty
- dynasty following the tang dynasty
- helped china improve economy, agriculture, and industrial production
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Tang dynasty
- organzied china into powerful, productive, prosperous society
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Saladin
- Muslim leader and crusader
- recaptured jerusalem
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Holy Roman Empire
- began when pope john Xii crowned otto emperor
- the empire fell out of power and was neither holy nor roman
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William of Normandy
- duke who invaded england and ruled its inhabitants
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bantu
- african people who origially lived in present day nigeria
- migrated to sub-saharan africa
- very influential linguistically
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Ghana
- kingdom of west africa
- converted to islam
- dominated trans saharan trade
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Byzantium
- a modest village located on a natural harbor called the golden horn
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Dominicans
-an order of mendicants founded by st dominic
-purpose was to live in poverty and serve their community
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Franciscans
- an order of mendicants founded by st francis
- purpose was to live in poverty and serve religious needs of community
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Edict of milan
- allowed christians to practice faith openly in roman empire
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Council of nicea
- held to determine if Jesus was a human of divine being
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Harihara and bukka
- two brother dispatched to keep order
- ran southern parts of the kingdom of vijayanagar
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Saljuk Turks
- turkish tribe
-gained power over abbasid empire
-fought with byzantine empire
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Ottoman Turks
- took the city of constantinople
-renamed it istanbul
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Caesaropapism
the mixing of political and religious authority
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caravanserais
- roadside inn for travelers to rest
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reconquista
-spainish crusade
- goal to drive islamic forces out of spain
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moors
-used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants
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barracks emperors
- generals during the han dynasty
- seized power held it briefly until lost to a rival
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Hugh capet
- starter of capetian dynasty
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Bhakti Movement
- indian movemet'
-attempted to transcend differences of hinduism and islam
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Greek Fire
-devastating weapon used at sea by byzantine forces
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Sunni
- traditionalists
- most popular branch of islam
- believes that only a descendant of ali can lead
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Shiite
- adherent to the shia branch of islam
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Yurts
-tents used by nomadic turkish and mongol tribes
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Hagia Sophia
- large christian church constructed by byzantine leader justinian
-later converted to a mosque
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Mahmud of Ghazni
- leader of ghaznivid, turkish tribe
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Marco polo
- italian merchant
- first to land in the americas
- traveled to china
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Delhi Sultans
- people who lived in delhi sultanate
- empire that stretched over india
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Angkor Thom
- temple city of angkor
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Mansa Musa
- leader of mali, west african kingdom
- helped it reach its peak
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Niani
- the capital of mali
- benefited from trade
- attracted merchants seeking gold
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Kongo
- central african state that began trade with portuguese
- suffered from slave trade
-converted to christianity
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hajj
- pilgrimage to mecca
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Jizya
- islamic tax imposed on non- muslims only
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Guilds
- subcaste of the caste system based on jobs
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baghdad
- considered the great city of islam
- located in modern iraq
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Instanbul
- formerly constantinople
- renamed when it fell to the turks
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Mecca
Birth place of Islam
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Medina
- muhammad's migration here starts the islamic calendar
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damascus
- capital of ummayad dynasty
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Griots
-professional singers, historians and story tellers
- lived in sub saharan africa
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bedouin
- nomadic arabic tribe people
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berbers
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Thomas Aquinas
- saw no contradiction between science and christianity
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Angkor Wat
- temple city located in angkor
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Basil II
- ruler of byzantine empire
- known as bulgar slayer
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Iconoclasm
- movement to destroy religious icons
-viewed veneration as sinful
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Caste system
social stratification characterised by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a style of life which often includes an occupation, ritual status in a hierarchy, and customary social interaction and exclusion based on cultural notions of purity and pollution
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What role did William of Normandy play in the development of England? Why was England able to develop a centralized government earlier than other states of the age?
William invaded England and introduced Normand principles of government to them. After William England rules with a much more centralized government. England establishes a strong centralized government partly because of the invaders who introduce it, and partly because it was so far away from Rome where the pope lives.