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periodic law
the law that states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements
Periodic Table of Elements
A table that classifies elements by their physical and chemical properties; rows are called periods; columns are called groups;
lanthanide
a member of the rare-earth series of elements, whose atomic numbers range from 58 (cerium) to 71 (lutetium)
Actinides
the 14 elements with atomic numbers from 90 to 103
Mendeleev
Created the first periodic table. Arranged elements by increasing atomic mass
Moseley
Arranged the periodic table according to atomic number instead of mass
alkali metals
Group 1, 1 electron in outer level, very reactive, soft, silver, shiny, low density; Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium
alkaline earth metals
the elements in Group 2A of the periodic table
transition elements
elements in groups 3-12
main group elements
the p-block elements together with the s-block elements
Halogens
Contains nonmetals, 7 valence electrons in it's outermost energy level. Very reactive
Sublevel
An atomic orbital, or collection of atomic orbitals, that occupy a principal energy level and are called s, p, d, and f.
atomic radius
one-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together
Ion
A charged atom
ionization energy
The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom
Ionization
any process that results in the formation of an ion
Cation
A positively charged ion
Anion
A negatively charged ion
valence electrons
Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom
Electronegativity
A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons