Topic/ question review before httss final

The idea of the university and what is the university as an institution, tradition, and culture

“Union of teaching and research” → To advance knowledge by original and critical investigation

• Institution - academic, Autonomous, working towards a mission in accordance with rules, ranked

• Tradition - Historic, important, Governance and Management

• Culture - Mutual respect, Ethics , Responsibility , teacher student relationships

The most important ideas in Max Weber's lecture "Science as Vocation."

inspiration cannot be produced to order, cold calculation is still a prerequisite, work can’t replace inspiration

politics has no place in the lecture room

• What makes a good teacher -doesn’t impose their opinions onto others,

  learning is a continuous process for them, pose problems not provide solutions

The main differences between school and university

university is - individualistic, less instruction from professors more freedom and independence, self motivation

School - more guidance from teachers, strict timetable, assignment based work . less independence

The concept of self-regulation and its main components

self regulated learning-

Components : motivation, self monitoring, learning strategies, physical environment, social environment time use

How to understand the Procrastination Equation

Motivation = Expectancy X Value / Impulsiveness X Delay

or more simplified Motivation = Reward / Time

Why some students fail to become self-regulated learners

• they are not able to change their behavior and cannot follow the self regulation cycle

  1. self observation and evaluation: awareness

  2. goal setting and strategic planning: intervention

  3. strategic implementation and monitoring: repetition

  4. strategic outcome monitoring: sticking to it

The concept of motivation (presented during the seminar), motivated behaviours and the main factors influencing it

motivation is the process that instigates and sustains goal directed activities

Motivated behaviors :

• choosing and starting an activity

• persisting at the activity

• investing the necessary mental effort

role of internal factors : value orientation, goal orientation, attributions and self-efficacy in motivation

• value orientation- what is my value for the course/task?

• goal orientation- why i want to reach the goal?

  • mastery goals vs. performance goals (approach and avoid

• attributions- what are the causes of my sucesses/failures?

  • are the causes uncontrollable or controllable ?

• self efficacy- do i believe i can do well?

How to define learning

process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behavior's, skills, values, attitudes and preferences

Information processing model (explain it as deeply as you can, know the difference between different types of memory and why this difference is important, and their role in learning)

Sensory memory, Short term memory& long term memory

creating a long-term memory is something that happens in stages; first we perceive something through our sensory memory,( taste touch feel etc.) our short-term memory = remember things for very short periods, and with encoding & retrieval info is stored from short term → into long-term memory

Fixed and growth mindsets

• Fixed :believe that their abilities are innate and cannot be changed

• Growth : believe that their abilities can be developed and improved over time

Principles of good reading practices

employs strategies before during and after reading

• determines importance - generates questions

• summarizes information - draws inferences

• monitors comprehensiveness

Types of reading (especially inspectional vs derp reading)

1. Elementary- taught in elementary school

2. Inspectional - intelligently skimming a book in a limited amount of time. systematic skimming ( preface, table of contents, index & inside jacket ) Superficial reading - jus read

3. Analytical reading - through reading

4. Synoptical reading ( deep/derp) - understand topic & develop deep fluency - employs critical thinking, seeks to truly understand the text - NOT to just “get the gist

Highlighting vs annotating

active engagement with material, such as annotating, can enhance understanding and retention compared to passive activities like highlighting

engaging with the text ( annotating ) leads to deeper understanding

How effective learning strategies and note-taking is connected

• depending on the note taking strategies employed ( linear / graphic ) it makes the info meaningful, and better to understand and comprehend.

• by actively engaging in the material, and employing effective note taking, you are leading to deeper understanding

What is progressive summarization

summarizing our notes, and then summarizing that summary, then summarizing that summary, distilling the ideas into smaller and smaller layers each time

Best practices to remember and recall better

• Connections

• Visualizations

• Active recall - aking a topic you wish to learn, creating questions based on that topic, and then repeatedly testing yourself on those questions. By forcing your brain to retrieve the information, it ensures that you actively learn it instead of passively reading it.

Feynmann technique

take something that's hard to understand and try to clarify it in your mind by explaining it as if you were talking to a child.

1. Take a piece of paper and write the name of concept on top

2. Explain the concept in simple language

3. Identify your problem 

4. Pinpoint any complicated terms and challenge yourself and simplify them

The role of cognitive biases in our thinking

• knowing about your biases is not enough to get rid of them

• knowing is only a small part, includes habits and situations

System I and System II

• System 1 : emotional / feeling - is intuitive thinking, and intuition is simply recognition

• system 2 : logical - effortful thinking ( deliberate )

What is critical thinking (from the readings)

• can be used to either defend or evaluate and revise your initial beliefs. refers to the following :

  1. awareness of a set of interrelated critical questions;

  2. ability to ask and answer these critical questions in an appropriate manner

  3. desire to actively use the critical questions

  • Values : autonomy, Curiosity, Humility, & Respect

Thinking styles: "sponge" and "panning for the gold" - what the difference

Sponge : thinking is like sponge to water - absorbing. Absorbing all information given

panning for gold : active interaction with knowledge as it is being acquired ;sifting through information to find answer

Understanding and evaluating source reliability - the main best strategies

1. Authority: Who is the author? What are their credentials? ...

2. Accuracy: Compare the author's information to that which you already know is reliable. ...

3. Coverage: Is the information relevant to your topic and does it meet your needs? ...

4. Currency: Is your topic constantly evolving?

Plagiarism and how to identify it (practice the exercises)

• the act of passing someone else’s work as your own

• submitting work you didn’t do

• close paraphrasing

• compilation/patchwork/mosaic plagiarism

• source-based plagiarism

Best practices for taking notes (according to evidence)

engage with text before during and after.

follow structure

1. concepts

2. main idea

3. secondary ideas

4. major supporting details

5. minor supporting details