Breast, Pectoral Region, and Axilla

What is the only boney attachment between the upper limb and body?

Sternoclavicular joint

What are the divisions of blood supply from proximal to distal?

Subclavian → Axillary → Brachial → Radial + Ulnar

The radial and ulnar arteries unite in the hand to form…?

Superficial and deep palmar arches

What supplies the scapular region?

Subclavian and axillary arteries

What supplies the posterior arm?

Profunda brachii artery

What supplies the posterior forearm?

Anterior and posterior interosseous arteries

What are the characteristics of superficial venous drainage?

Drained by subcutaneous veins that empty into the axillary vein

Where do the dorsal and palmar digital veins drain?

Irregular dorsal venous network on the dorsum of hand

Describe the location of the basicilic vein?

Medial limb

Describe the location of the cephalic vein?

Lateral limb

What is the connection between the basilic and cephalic veins?

Median cubital vein

What innervates the skin over the shoulder?

Supraclavicular nerve

What innervates the anterior (flexor) portion of the limb?

Musculocutaneous, ulnar, and median nerves

What innervates the posterior (extensor) portion of the limb?

Radial, axillary, and posterior interosseus nerves

Where is the mammary gland located?

Over pectoralis major and serratus anterior

What is the retromammary space?

Thin area between the gland and deep investing fascia that contains no fat and allows free movement of the gland over the muscle

Where does the nipple lie?

About the level of the 4th ICS

What is the function of the lactiferous ducts?

Drain at the nipple

What is the aerola?

Pigmented area surrounding the nipple that contains sebaceous glands

What is the axillary tail?

Tail of fatty tissue that extends into the axilla

What are suspensory ligaments?

Extend from the posterior mammary fascia and attach to the overlying skin

What are lactiferous sinuses?

Swelling of the lactiferous ducts just before it opens into the nipple where milk is stored just prior to its release

What innervates the mammary gland?

Intercostal nerves 2-6

What supplies the mammary gland?

Internal thoracic, lateral thoracic, and intercostal arteries

Describe lymphatic drainage of the mammary gland?

75% of lymph drainage flows via the axillary tail to the axillary nodes ; 25% may pass to parasternal nodes or to opposite breast

60% of breast cancers develop where?

Superior lateral quadrant

What innervates pectoralis major?

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

What supplies pectoralis major?

Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery and lateral thoracic artery

What innervates pectoralis minor?

Medial pectoral nerve

What supplies pectoralis minor?

Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery

What innervates subclavius?

Nerve to subclavius

What supplies subclavius?

Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery

What does the clavipectoral fascia enclose?

Subclavius

What pierces pectoralis minor?

Medial pectoral nerve

What is the axillary sheath?

An extension of cervical prevertebral fascia that encloses and compartmentalizes the neurovascular structures from the neck into the arm

What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

Suprascapular artery and dorsal scapular artery

What are the branches of the subscapular artery?

Circumflex scapular artery and thoracodorsal artery

What spinal nerves compose the musculocutaneous nerve?

C5/6/7

What spinal nerves compose the median nerve?

C6/7/8 and T1

What spinal nerves compose the ulnar nerve?

C8 + T1

What spinal nerves compose the axillary nerve?

C5/6

What spinal nerves compose the radial nerve?

C5/6/7/8 + T1