Anatomy

The nervous system includes

brain, spinal chord, and nerves

The nervous system

coordinates the body's systems (receive and send info)

maintain homeostasis

How does the system receive information

sensory (receives information) integrative (determines where it goes) motor (responds to signal)

2 divisions of nervous system

Central nervous system and Peripheral Nervous system

Central Nervous System includes

Brain and spinal chord

Peripheral Nervous System includes

Nerves through body and brain

12 pairs of cranial

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Ganglia

CNS componenets

Tissue (brain and spinal chord

Bone (skull and vertebrae)

Membrane (meninges)

Fluid (cerebral spinal fluid CSF)

Choroid Plexuses (tiny reddish cauliflower like structures made up of capillaries & ependymal cells) project into ventricles to what

Secrete and maintain Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Cerebral Spinal fluid

Clear watery

Located in the subarachnoid space and ventricles of the brain

Controls concentrations of ions in CNS

Protection

Communicates bodys condition to hypothalamus and brain stem

WHite matter is

inside the brain

Grey matter is

outside of the brain

Meninges 3 layers

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Dura matter

Outer layer, thick, tough, white, blood, nerves

Forms periosteum of skull (groove of brain)

FOrms tube around the spinal chord below the epidural space (space between vertebrae and dura mater of spinal chord)

Arachnoid mate

Middle layer, think, web-like, no blood flow

Does not dip into grooves of brain or spinal chord (Subarachnoid space: space between arachnoid & pia matter layers that contain CSF)

Pia matter

Inner layer, thin with many nerves and blood vessels

Attached to surface

Meningitis

inflammation around brain or spinal chord

Symptoms of meningitis

Fever or headache

Interfere with memory and concentration

Sensitivity to light

Aching muscles

stiff neck

rash

Epidural injection

Injection in the epidural space of the back to stop pain

Epidural

An asthetic introduced into the space around the dura mater of the spinal chord

Menigitis Causes

Bacteria, fungus, virus

Fatalness of meningitis and more dangerous

Potentially fatal and bacterial meningitis

Peripheral Nervous System

31 pairs of spinal nerves ( 8 cervical nerve pairs (C1-C8) 12 thoracic nerve pairs (T1-T12) 5 lumbar nerve pairs (L1-L5) 5 sacral (S1-S5) 1 coccygeal nerve pairs)

12 pairs of cranial nerves

Systems in PNS

Somatic Nervous system and Automatic Nervous system

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Skeletal Voluntary

Somatic efferent nerves (carries impulse from brain or spinal chord to skeletal muscle)

Somatic afferent nerves (carries impulse to brain or spinal chord from skin & skeletal muscle)

Automatic Nervous System (ANS)

Smooth muscle Involuntary (heart, stomach, intestines)

Glands

Visceral efferent nerves (carries impluse from brain or spinal cord to smooth muscle and glands of organs)

Visceral afferent nerves (carries impulse to brain or spinal chord from blood vessels and organs)

Automatic Nervous System

Parasympathetic (rest and digest)

Sympathetic (fight or flight)