EXAM 1 NURS 103

Vocabulary flashcards covering core concepts of population health, community-based nursing, public health, social determinants of health, and health equity based on the lecture material.

Community-Based Health Care

A model of care applied by nurses in caring for patients discharged from hospital settings who require ongoing care outside traditional acute care settings, focusing on primary care, health promotion, and community outreach.

Community Health Nursing

A nursing focus on improving the health care of individuals, families, and groups within their communities, with the goal to preserve, protect, promote, or maintain community health.

Public Health Nursing

A nursing specialty that requires understanding the needs of a population, defined as a collection of individuals who share one or more personal or environmental characteristics in common.

Public Health vs. Community Health Nursing Relationship

Public health provides the overarching systems, policies, and strategies to protect populations, whereas community health nursing delivers hands-on, community-based care that applies those public health principles in daily life.

Population Health

A concept covering the health care delivery continuum beginning with public health prevention through population disease management, aiming to improve health equity and the health of all people.

Healthy People Initiative (2030)

A program focused on achieving healthy populations and communities by improving health care delivery through assessment of health care needs, public policies, and access to care, with a priority on increasing life expectancy.

Health Services Pyramid

A framework for health care services consisting of population-based health care services at the base, followed by clinical preventive services, primary health care, secondary health care, and tertiary health care at the top.

Social Determinants of Health

Biological, socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioral, or social factors that contribute to a person's current state of health across five primary domains.

Five Domains of Social Determinants of Health

The five structural areas influencing health outcomes: economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.

Health Disparities

Preventable differences in a population's ability to achieve optimal health.

Health Equity

The attainment of the highest level of health for all people, ensuring everyone has a fair and just opportunity to reach optimal health regardless of race, ethnicity, disability, socioeconomic status, or other factors.

Global Health

A field aimed at improving health and health care equity for populations worldwide by emphasizing international priorities, collaboration, and equity.

Vulnerable Populations

Groups of patients who face excessive risks and a combination of risk factors, such as immigrant populations, individuals experiencing poverty or homelessness, abused patients, patients with mental illness, and older adults.

Secondary Care

Medical services provided upon referral by a primary healthcare provider that require specialized knowledge, skill, or equipment, such as acute medical-surgical care, emergency treatment, or specialist outpatient visits.

Tertiary Care

Highly specialized medical care provided over an extended period in specialized facilities, including intensive care units, inpatient psychiatric facilities, or specialty burn centers.

Restorative Care

Healthcare services designed to help patients recovering from acute or chronic illness or disability regain maximum functional independence, including home health care, rehabilitation, and extended care facilities.

Continuing Care

A system of healthcare services provided over a prolonged period to individuals who are disabled, functionally dependent, or terminally ill, such as assisted living, respite care, adult day care, and hospice.

IDEAL Discharge Planning Model

A patient- and family-centered model designed to reduce readmissions by involving patients as full partners to discuss home life, medications, warning signs, test results, and follow-up care.

Minimum Data Set (MDS)

A standardized assessment tool used in nursing centers as part of the Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI) to evaluate residents' functional capabilities and ongoing health needs.

Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)

A comprehensive healthcare reform law enacted in 2010 aimed at increasing health insurance coverage, reducing healthcare costs, and improving healthcare quality in the United States.

Critical Thinking

A systematic, logical process of active inquiry, open-minded reflection, and evidence evaluation used to analyze complex patient situations and guide sound clinical judgment.

Clinical Judgment

The observed outcome of critical thinking and decision-making that leads a nurse to take or avoid action, modify standard approaches, or create custom solutions based on patient responses.

Benner's Stages of Clinical Competence

A developmental framework describing five levels of nursing expertise acquisition: Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, and Expert.

Standards of Nursing Practice

Assessment, Diagnosis, Outcomes, Implementation, and Evaluation.

Florence Nightingale

The founder of modern nursing and first practicing epidemiologist who introduced environmental sanitation standards, helped in the Crimean War, structured nurse training, and health maintenance philosophies

Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs)

State legislation overseen by State Boards of Nursing that defines the legal scope of professional nursing practice to safeguard public health, safety, and welfare.

clinical nurse specialist (CNS)

provides expert support to nurses caring for patients at the bedside

nurse practitioner (NP)

An advanced practice registered nurse with advanced training and education who can provide primary and specialty care to patients, often including diagnosis and treatment of illnesses.

nurse midwife

An advanced practice registered nurse who specializes in providing care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, as well as offering gynecological services.

certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA)

An advanced practice registered nurse who specializes in anesthesia care, providing anesthesia and anesthesia-related care for patients before, during, and after surgical procedures.

nurse educator

An advanced practice registered nurse who educates and trains nursing students and staff, often focusing on clinical skills, theory, and practice in various healthcare settings.

nurse administrator

An advanced practice registered nurse who manages and oversees nursing staff, operations, and healthcare policies within healthcare organizations.

nurse researcher

An advanced practice registered nurse who conducts research to improve healthcare practices, patient outcomes, and nursing education through evidence-based research methodologies.

Clara Barton

A pioneering nurse and founder of the American Red Cross, known for her humanitarian work during the Civil War and her efforts in disaster relief.

Dorothea Dix & Mother Bickerdyke

Two prominent figures in nursing history who advocated for mental health reform and improved conditions for soldiers during the Civil War; organized hospitals, nurses, & supplies

Harriet Tubman

A prominent abolitionist and nurse during the Civil War who led numerous enslaved people to freedom through the Underground Railroad and provided care to soldiers.

Mary Mahoney

The first African American woman to become a registered nurse in the United States, known for her advocacy for diversity in nursing and efforts to improve healthcare for marginalized communities.

Isabel Hampton Robb

A nursing leader and advocate who played a key role in establishing nursing education standards and founded the American Nurses Association. She was instrumental in the development of professional nursing organizations.

Lilian Wald & Mary Brewster

Founded the Henry Street Settlement, providing healthcare and social services to immigrants in New York City while advocating for public health reforms.

Mary Adelaide Nutting

The first woman to earn a nursing degree in the United States and a pioneer in nursing education. She helped establish the first university-based nursing school at Teachers College, Columbia University.

magnet designation

A recognition given to hospitals that demonstrate excellence in nursing practice and outcomes, signifying a commitment to high-quality patient care.

compassion fatigue

A state of emotional exhaustion caused by the chronic strain of caring for others, often affecting healthcare providers.

license

A legal authorization required for nurses to practice, ensuring they meet specific educational and competency standards.

ceritification

A formal process that validates an individual's qualifications and knowledge in a specific field, often required for professional practice.

health promotion

The process of enabling individuals and communities to increase control over and improve their health through education, policy changes, and supportive environments is designed to reduce incidence of disease

Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI)

An assessment that nursing centers/facilities must complete helps nurses understand a resident’s needs, strengths, problems, & preferences so that they can make a care plan to provide personalized and effective care

3 parts of RAI

the Minimum Data Set (MDS), the Care Area Assessments (CAAs), and the RAI Guidelines

CAA (Care Area Assesment)

part of RAI; looks more closely to the problems found in MDS

RAI Guidelines

Explains how to use RAI to evaluate residents and develop care plans based on the data collected.

palliative care

used for serious or chronic illnesses at any stage and can happen while receiving treatment

hospice care

used when someone is at the terminal phase of the illness, usually with less than 6 months to live and focuses on comfort

incidence

refers to the number of new cases of a disease or health condition occurring in a specific population during a defined period.

prevalence

refers to the total number of existing cases of a disease or health condition in a specific population at a given time.

Levels of Prevention

preventative/primary (reduces incidence), secondary (reduces prevalence), & tertiary (reduces impact & disability)

After President Trump was elected what happened to the ACA?

individual mandate was reversed, insurance marketplace options decreased, some health insurace premiums increased and Medicaid expansion was challenged.

patient centered care

is an approach to healthcare that emphasizes the patient's preferences, needs, and values, ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions.

How does the ACA help young adults?

The ACA allows young adults to stay on their parents' health insurance plans until age 26, providing access to necessary healthcare services (prevents them from losing insurance after graduating college)

main priority of Healthy People Initiative (2030)

Increase life expectancy and improve health equity for all Americans.

main priority of community based-healthcare

health promotion

main priority of population health

improve health equity & health of all people

clinical judgement

the observed outcome of critical thinking and decision making

novice

a nurse with no previous level of experience

advanced beginner

nurse with some level of experience with the situation

competent

nurse who has had the same clinical position for 2-3 years

proficient

nurse who has had the same clinical position for more than 2-3 years

expert

nurse with diverse experience who has good grasp of an existing or potential clinical problem and can provide guidance and mentorship to others.

assessment

collect patient data and information

diagnosis

analyzes data to identify actual or possible outcomesof a patient's health condition.

outcomes

sets expected goals/outcomes for the patient

implementation

carries out the plan and provides teachingto ensure patient understanding and adherence.

evaluation

checks the patient’s progress toward goalsand modifies the plan as needed.

professional responsibilities and roles of nurses

autonomy & accountability, caregiver, advocate, educator, communicator, manager, career development, clinician

4 challenges facing nurses

aging baby boomer generation, shortage & uneven distribution of physicians, rate of nurses’ retirements, & uncertainty of health care reform

change agent

identifies problems and helps patients/communities find better solution

epidemiologist

track diseases & health promotion in communities to help prevent/control them

3 key components of Health People Initiative (2030)

1. Assessment of health care needs

2. Public policies that support health

3. Access to care