Management of Malnutrition

Stunting

chronic malnutrition

• HFA (height for age)

Wasting

acute malnutrition

• WFH (weight for height)

• SAM (severe acute malnutrition)

Overweight

• WFH (weight for height)

Regions of the world with the highest burden of malnutrition

• Africa

• South Asia

• Se Asia

adequate nourishment is important for __________ development

cognitive

Malnutrition ← → ____________

diarrhea

which micronutrient and vitamin deficiency:

child w/ measles and xerophthalmia

vitamin A deficiency

which micronutrient and vitamin deficiency:

angular stomatitis and cheilosis

zinc

vitamin C

riboflavin

which micronutrient and vitamin deficiency:

bleeding gums and perifollicular haemorrhages in Scurvy

Vitamin C

which micronutrient and vitamin deficiency:

Pellagra

Niacin/Vitamin B

Pellagra triad of symptoms

• diarrhea

• dementia

• dermatitis

which micronutrient and vitamin deficiency:

goiters

endemic cretinism

Iodine

Edematous malnutrition

pt w/ symmetrical edema

• Kwashiorkor

• Marasmic Kwashiorkor (older classification)

Kwashiorkor

• edema

• apathetic

• thin hair

• hair w/ red discoloration

• dry and descamative skin

• hyper pigmented skin lesions

• hepatomegaly

Marasmus

• “old man face”

• extreme thin

• “bone and skin”

• very thin extremities

• distended abdomen

• no sub-cutaneous fat

• irritable

Management of severe acute malnutrition (10)

1. treat/prevent hypoglycemia

2. treat/prevent hypothermia

3. treat/prevent dehydration

4. correct electrolyte imbalance

5. treat/prevent infection

6. correct micronutrient deficiences

7. start cautious feeding

8. achieve catch up growth

9. provide sensory stimulation and emotional support

10. prepare for follow up after recovery

RUTF

ready to eat therapeutic food