Bio topic 6- blood vessels

Artery structure

thick walls, muscular walls, elastic fibres, small lumin

vein structure

thin wall, large lumin, pocket watch valves

artery

high pressure, oxygenated blood, away from heart

vein

low pressure, de-oxygenated blood, to heart

capillaries

1 cell thick, large SA, site of gas exchange

vena cava

a large vein carrying de-oxygenated blood into the heart

plumonary artery

Transports de-oxygenated blood, from the right ventricle to lungs

plumonary vein

transports oxygenated blood, from lungs to the left atrium

Aorta

large artery that transports oxygenated blood to the body

ventricle

lower chamber of the heart

atrium

upper chamber of the heart

septum

Divides the right and left chambers of the heart

atrioventricular valves

Valves located between the atrial and ventricular chambers on each side of the heart, prevent blood from entering ventricles whilst ventricles contract

Semi-lunar valves

close when heart relaxes, prevents back flow into ventricles

right side

side that brings in de-oxygenated blood from body, to be pumped into the lungs to oxygenate

left side

side with high pressure, pumps oxygenated blood to body, thick muscular wall

affect of exercise on heart rate

muscles contract more, more O2 required, more CO2 produced, chemoreceptors in aorta pick up the increase in CO2, medulla sends signals to heart to beat faster, heart rate increases, blood pressure rises

How many chambers does a mammal heart have?

4 chambers

How many chambers does a reptile/amphibian heart have?

2, no septum

How many chambers does a fish heart have?

1 chamber

CHD step 1

bad cholesterol builds up on walls, -\> narrows arteries

CHD step 2

narrowed lumin, -\> higher blood pressure

CHD step 3

RBCs slow down as they can't move through artery, -\> start to clump and form a clot

CHD step 4

clot plugs, stops RBCs getting through, -\> no more blood getting through

CHD step 5

respiration stops as no oxygen is delivered, cells die, person dies if this happens in the coronary artery

what increases risk of CVD?

smoking, reduces good cholesterol, nictotine increases chances of clotting, CO binds to hemoglobin

what increases risk of CVD?

diet, salt increases cholesterol, saturated fats increase cholesterol

what increases risk of CVD?

alcohol, increases blood pressure, empty calories