Introduction to Atoms, Elements, and Molecules

Flashcards based on lecture notes about atoms, elements, molecules, and chemical bonds.

What is Chemistry?

The study of matter and its properties, as well as how matter changes referring to the periodic table and organic molecules.

What are the five fundamental elements that make up macromolecules?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

How are the elements arranged in the periodic table?

Organized by their atomic number.

What is an atom?

The smallest, most stable unit of matter.

What two components are found in the nucleus of an atom?

Protons and neutrons.

What does the atomic number refer to?

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Why are electrons significant?

They orbit the nucleus and are essential for chemical reactions.

What is an element?

A pure substance consisting of only one type of atom, all with the same atomic number.

What is a molecule?

A number of atoms joined together by chemical bonds.

What is a molecule of an element?

Atoms of the same atomic number held together by a chemical bond.

What atoms make up water h2o?

Hydrogen and Oxygen.

What are the three main types of chemical bonds?

Ionic, covalent, and metallic.

Which two types of chemical bonds are essential for molecules in our bodies?

Ionic and covalent bonds.

What type of electron exchange occurs in ionic bonds?

Transfer of electrons.

What type of electron exchange occurs in covalent bonds?

Sharing of electrons.

Which 2 atoms form an ionic bond?

Sodium and Chlorine.

What 'pivotal player' is essential to chemical bonds

Electrons.

Describe the bond between Sodium and chlorine

An ionic bond where sodium transfers an electron to chlorine which forms a stable molecule

Are the five macromolecules, organic or inorganic?

Organic.

What is the smallest stable unit of matter?

The smallest stable unit of matter is the atom

Cells can become what?

Tissue.

What component of matter is essential for all chemical reactions?

The electrons

Define element.

A pure substance consisting only of the same type of atom, with atoms of the same atomic number.

What does atomic number refer to?

The amount of protons found inside the nucleus

Describe the bond between Hydrogen and Oxygen.

Hydrogen is sharing its electrons with oxygen