Chemistry Midterms Study Guide (F)

anything that takes up space and has mass

What is matter?

the study of matter, structure, properties, and how they interact with other chemicals

What is chemistry?

characteristics that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

What are physical properties?

characteristics that can be observed when a chemical participates in a chemical reaction

What are chemical properties?

shape, physical state, melting/freezing points

Examples of physical properties?

toxicity, acidity, flammability

Examples of chemical properties?

EXTRINSIC properties DEPEND on the amount of matter present, while INTRINSIC properties DON’T DEPEND on amount of matter present

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic properties?

when matter undergoes a physical change of state, but its chemical composition is still the same

What are physical changes?

when the original substance is converted to a new substance with different physical and chemical properties

What is a chemical change?

ice melting into water, dyeing water blue, water evaporating into steam

Examples of physical change?

rusting, burning things, rotting

Examples of chemical change?

a heterogenous mixture is when you can see all the different components whereas a homogenous mixture is where you can’t see all the different things

What is the difference between a homogenous mixture and a heterogenous one?

trail mix, toppings on a pizza slice, bag of gummy bears

Examples of heterogenous mixtures?

Kool-Aid, cake batter, wine

Examples of homogenous mixtures?

C, nonmetal

What is the symbol for carbon, and what kind of element is it?

H, nonmetal

What is the symbol of hydrogen, and what kind of element is it?

I, halogen

What is the symbol for iodine, and what kind of element is it?

N, nonmetal

What is nitrogen’s symbol, and what type of element is it?

O, nonmetal

What is oxygen’s symbol and what type of element is it?

P, nonmetal

What is phosphorus’ symbol and what type of element is it?

S, nonmetal

What is sulfur’s symbol, and what type of element is it?

U, actinide

What’s uranium’s symbol and what type of element is it?

F, halogen

What’s fluorine’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Al, metal

What is aluminum’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Ar, noble gas

What is Argon’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Ba, alkaline earth metal

What is Barium’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Bi, metal

What’s bismuth’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Br, halogen

What is bromine’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Ca, alkaline earth metal

What’s calcium’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Co, transition metal

What’s cobalt’s symbol and what type of element is it?

He, noble gases

What’s helium’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Li, alkali metal

What’s lithium’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Ni, transition metal

What’s nickel’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Si, metalloid

What’s silicon’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Ti, transition metal

What’s titanium’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Ne, noble gas

What’s neon’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Cu, transition metal

What’s copper’s symbol and what type of element is it?

K, alkali metal

What’s potassium’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Na, alkali metal

What’s sodium’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Fe, transition metal

What’s iron’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Au, transition metal

What’s gold’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Ag, transition metal

What’s silver’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Sn, metal

What is tin’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Pb, metal

What is lead’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Hg, transition metal

What is mercury’s symbol and what type of element is it?

As, metalloid

What’s arsenic’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Cl, halogen

What’s chlorine’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Cr, transition metal

What’s chromium’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Mg, alkaline earth metal

What’s magnesium’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Mn, transition metal

What’s maganese’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Sr, alkaline earth metal

What’s strontium’s symbol and what type of element is it?

Zn, transition metal

What’s zinc’s symbol and what type of element is it?

observation, hypothesize, prediction, experimentation, conclusion

What are the steps of the scientific method?

a theory has evidence to support itself, while a hypothesis does not

What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?

meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, candela

What are the SI units?

by chemical properties

How is the periodic table organized?

columns

What are the groups/families in the periodic table?

rows

What are the periods in the periodic table?

meter, liter, gram

What are the basic units in the metric system?

SI uses Kelvin for temperature and kilogram for mass, but metric does not

How do the SI units and metric units differ?

mathematical combinations of SI units

What are derived units?

mL or cm3

What non-SI units do we commonly use in chemistry to measure volume?

m/v

What is the formula for density?

0\.2 g/cm^3

Solve this: a loaf of bread has a mass of 500 g and a volume of 2500 cm^3. What is the bread’s density?

100g

Solve this: The density of a substance is 4.0 g/mL. If a sample of the substance has a volume of 25 mL, then what is its mass?

40 cm3

Solve this: You have a lead ball with a mass of 420 g. The density of lead is 10.5 g/cm3. What is the volume of the ball?

a ratio of equivalent values used to express the same quantity in different units

What is a conversion factor?

kilo, hecto, deka, deci, centi, milli

What prefixes do we use in the metric system?

860 g

Convert 8.6 hg to grams.

0\.0134 L

Convert 1.34 cL to liters.

8\.7x10^-10

Convert 8,700 g to Tg

1\.469 x 10^10 ns

Convert 146.9 seconds to nanoseconds

9\.8 x 10^5 ds

Convert 98 hs to deciseconds.

Digits 1-9 are significant

What is the first rule for significant digits?

zeroes between 2 sig figs are significant

What’s the second significant figure rule?

zeroes to the right of a decimal point or any significant figure are significant

What’s the third sig fig rule?

4

How many significant figures are in this number: 5.432

5

How many significant figures are in this number: 40.319

3

How many significant figures are in this number: 146

4

How many significant figures are in this number: 3.285

3

How many significant figures are in this number: 0.189

4

How many significant figures are in this number: 429.3

5

How many significant figures are in this number: 2873.0

3

How many significant figures are in this number: 990

3

How many significant figures are in this number: 0.0000246

3

How many significant figures are in this number: 1.04 x 10^12

3

How many significant figures are in this number: 5.59 x 10^-7

3

How many significant figures are in this number: 0.0000242

7981

Complete the addition/subtraction question: 12 cm + 0.031 cm + 7969

0\.29

Complete the addition/subtraction question: 0.085 cm + 0.062 cm + 0.14 cm

14\.4

Complete the addition/subtraction question: 3.419 g + 3.912 g + 7.0518 g + 0.00013 g

140\.0 g

Complete the addition/subtraction question: 30.5 g - 16.82 g + 41.07 g + 85.219 g

494\.7

Complete the addition/subtraction question: 143.0 + 289.25 + 68.45 - 6.00

11\.6 cm^2

Complete the following multiplication questions (be careful with units): 2.89 cm x 4.01 cm

1\.1x10^2 cm^2

Complete the following multiplication questions (be careful with units): 17.3 cm x 6.2 cm

6\.1 m^2

Complete the following multiplication questions (be careful with units): 5.08 m x 1.2 m

36\.6 mm^2

Complete the following multiplication questions (be careful with units): 5.00 mm x 7.3216 mm

2\.7x10^1 cm^2

Complete the following multiplication questions (be careful with units): 4.218 cm x 6.5 cm

1\.0x10^6 m^2

Complete the following multiplication questions (be careful with units): (4.8 x 10^2 m)(2.101 x 10^3 m)

1\.914 cm

Complete the division question (be careful with units): 8.071 cm^2/4.216 cm