HOA1 - Mesopotamian Architecture

AMACE

Chopped straw

Bricks were made from clay mixed with ______ to improved cohesion and bonding

Sumerians

Developed the cuneiform script in clay tablets: one of the earliest known forms of written expression.

King Nebuchadnezzar II

Made Babylon the largest city in the world

King Hammurabi

Wrote the first code of laws called Hammurabi’s code

Cella

Central hall of Ziggurat

Ziggurats

Terraced pyramids with temples at the summit, believed to connect heaven and earth

White Temple, Uruk

• Earliest development of the Ziggurat

• One-step ziggurat

• Dedicated to God Anu

Uruk

The name Iraq was derived from _____

Lamassu

An Assyrian protective deity, often depicted as having a human’s head, a body of an ox or a lion, and bird’s wings.

City of Babylon

Was the most famous and largest city in ancient mesopotamia

Ishtar Gate

• Dedicated to the Babylonian Goddess Ishtar

• 8th Gate of Babylon

• Blue Glazed tiles with alternating rows of bas-relief of dragons and lions.

Temple of Marduk

Center of the State cult

Marduk

God of Babylon

Persepolis

• City of the Persians

• Built by Darius I

• Persian in ideology and design but international in its superb architecture and artistic execution

• Was the richest ancient city

Arch of Ctesiphon

• Built during the Achamanaid Empire (Remnant of the Persian Empire)

• Was part of the Imperial Palace of Sasanian Kings

• Has the largest single-span vault of unreinforced brickwork in the world

Seraglio

Palace Proper

Harem

Private family apartment for women

Khan

Service Chambers

The Apadana

Grand Audience Hall in Persepolis

Tachara Palace

Smallest of the palace buildings in Persepolis

Arcuated

Babylonia & Persia: _____ ; Persia: Columnar

No windows

Babylonia & Persia: _____ ; Persia: Small windows with horizontal lintels

Mesos

Middle

Potamos

River

Tigris ; Euphrates

The fertile plains between the twin rivers namely _____ and ____

True

True or False: Mesopotamia has no natural barriers

Sun-dried

Type of bricks used for ordinary finish

Kiln-Dried

Type of bricks used for important buildings

Colored Glazed

Type of bricks used for decorative purposes