BIOL Exam 3

Anatomy

Structure of organisms.

Physiology

Function of body parts.

Tissue

Group of similar cells.

Organ

Multiple tissues performing a function.

Organ system

Organs working together.

Organism

Entire living being.

Epithelial tissue

Covers and protects, aids in absorption.

Connective tissue

Supports and connects different tissues.

Muscle tissue

Contracts for movement.

Nervous tissue

Transmits electrical signals through neurons.

Negative feedback

Response that reverses a change to maintain homeostasis.

Integumentary system

Protects, provides sensation, and regulates temperature.

Epidermis

Outer layer of skin.

Dermis

Middle layer of skin containing connective tissue.

Hypodermis

Innermost layer of skin, containing fat.

Neuron

Basic unit of nervous system, transmits signals.

Dendrites

Receive signals in a neuron.

Axon

Transmits signals to next neuron or muscle.

Myelin sheath

Speeds up conduction of electrical signals.

CNS (Central Nervous System)

Includes the brain and spinal cord.

PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

Nerves outside the CNS.

Arteries

Blood vessels carrying high-pressure blood away from the heart.

Veins

Blood vessels that return low-pressure blood to the heart.

Capillaries

Small blood vessels where diffusion occurs.

Plasma

Liquid component of blood, consisting of water and solutes.

O₂ (Oxygen) Transport

Carried in the blood by hemoglobin in red blood cells.

Gas exchange

Occurs in alveoli, where O₂ enters and CO₂ leaves the blood.

Asexual reproduction

One parent produces identical offspring.

Sexual reproduction

Two parents produce genetically varied offspring.

Hermaphrodite

An organism possessing both male and female reproductive organs.

Parthenogenesis

Reproduction without fertilization by a male.