Immunology Exam 1 (Ch. 2 Antibody structure)
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25 Terms
Why are antibodies important?
They are the key to help us fight off infection, they flag stuff as suspicious
Therapeutic drug concentration testing
Serology
The study of the reaction and properties of the serum components of blood
Deals mostly with antibody and antigen reactions in vitro
Antibody structure
Monomer (AKA heterodimer) is held together by disulfide bonds
Each dimer consists of a heavy chain and a light chain which is also held together by disulfide bonds
What is the molecular weight of the immunoglobulin monomer?
150 kDa
What is the molecular weight of the heavy chain?
50 kDa
What is the molecular weight of the light chain?
25 kDa
What is the molecular weight of the dimer?
75 kDa
What is papain used for?
Separates the Fc portion from the Fab portion.
Disulfide bonds are still present.
What is pepsin used for?
Cuts below the disulfide bonds resulting in 1 dimeric F(ab’)2 and 2 fragments of the Fc portion
What is urea and mercaptoethanol used for?
Separating the heavy from the light chain
And denaturing proteins
Amino terminus…
Is on the variable region
Carboxy terminus…
Is on the bottom portion of the heavy chain
Antigen binding site
Found on the amino terminus end of the heavy and light chain
Paratope
The antigen binding site of the antibody
Epitope
The part of the antigen that binds to the paratope
How are the epitope and paratope bound?
By noncovalent bonds
Affinity
The sum of the attractive interaction between the paratope and the epitope
Avidity
The sum of the binding of all the paratopes and the epitopes
How many domains of amino acids do the heavy and light chain have?
110
Domains of the light chain
1 variable light chain domain
1 constant domain
Domains of the heavy chain
1 variable domain
3 or 4 constant domains (CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4)
Complementary Determining Regions
Hypervariable regions within the variable regions of the heavy and light chain
Shape is complementary to antigen shape
How many complementary determining regions are in the variable regions of the heavy chain and light chain?
There are 3 in each
Myeloma proteins
Identical immunoglobulin molecules produced by a clone of tumor cells (myeloma cells)
Myeloma cells
Cancerous B cells that come from a tumor cell
Identical immunoglobulins
Natural type of monoclonal activity